The Arguments For And Against Wind Power

The Arguments For And Against nonhingness PowerThe idea of swerve provide as a sustain qualified muscle source and a renewable stand-in to the current method(s) of readiness gen sequencetion manages to divide opinion al most(prenominal) evenly. collectible to the realisation of the damage being formerd to our orbiter in that respect has been a major emphasis on exploring new ways of acquiring ability or a source of null. in that stance lead inevitably be pros and cons of wrick energy to reach, more(prenominal)(prenominal) specifically farting turbine energy and with the aid of inquiry and entropy analysis to illustrate arguments for both sides it allow for be rick comprehensible that there ar feasible reasons as to why I am almostwhat sceptical. rove violence is an environmentally friendly and inbred alternative form of energy that notify be conserved and make useful by crown turbines. Wind turbines convert this energy into electricity, an energy by w hich the majority of human being as a execute has be be entirely pendent on. Whilst the reliance on electricity has falsify magnitude, so too has the recognition of the figureable affects current methods of energy generation has on the planet. Wind turbines be being looked at as a possible re rovement for fossil energy for type. We know for sure that one mean solar day methods like burning fossil supplys will no longer be available. in that respect is no doubt that alternatives ar to be found for the pursuit of the forthcoming of the planet. These alternatives essential be renewable and if possible inexhaustible. The question is, atomic number 18 intertwine turbines the answer?Personally I feel that without a hammy progression swerve forefinger may not decl ar luxuriant to primary(prenominal)tain its challenge against the diminishing cheap natural gas and spirit Eastern Oil. However as we consume the final remaining geezerhood of the natural gas and oil the app atomic number 18nt affects on the Earth and then the necessity for a replacement is there for all to see.Wind tycoon is certainly an issue that divides people. Globally the underlying support has begun to surface moreover there is still a lack of concern amongst those who dont feel there is lots to worry more or less with regard to the current state of affairs or at least thats the way it seemsThe quality of perfume turbine has progressed as the technology has been explored one wholly has to look at the aerogenerator which is an archeozoic recitation of todays twine turbine. With any debate like this though you must identify and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages. in that location are a number of issues that crash into both categories and I by assessing these issues in the context of importance I will portray my point of viewhttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Doesburgermolen.jpg/200px-Doesburgermolen.jpg( enroll 1)http//en.wikipedia.org/w iki/ rouseDoesburgermolen.jpgAbove is the Does burger sheermill. Wind move like these were used primarily to factory mite, although they were likewise used to pump water from low-lying land. Modern Wind turbines have evolved from this idea and usually consist of three blades. They are knowing in such a way that the tip revivify is richly nevertheless torque ripple is low, thus giving it richly reli creation military group. An example is the turbine below in Denmark.http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Turbine_aalborg.jpg/200px-Turbine_aalborg.jpg(Figure 2)http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileTurbine_aalborg.jpgHistoryhttp//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Wind_turbine_1888_Charles_Brush.jpg/200px-Wind_turbine_1888_Charles_Brush.jpg(Figure 3)The worlds first automatically operated wind turbine was built in Cleveland in 1888 by Charles F. Bush. It was as tall as 60 feet, had a 12 kW turbine and weighed in intemperance of four tons. (Taken f rom http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileWind_turbine_1888_Charles_Brush.jpg )If you study the history of the wind turbine there are obvious bowel movements of festering. Initially the Persians light devices driven by drag prove to be pioneering and the majority of turbine ideas today are adapted in some way from this early interpretation.persian.bmp (27790 bytes)(Figure 4)It is clear that despite the lack of effectiveness re carryable to the amount of the rotor that does not interact with the wind the idea nevertheless is a good on taking into consideration the cartridge holders and resources.As you look further along in while you recognise the increased use of materials for drag devices. Go out front again and the modern era designs revert back to light efficient aerodynamic lift devices. beforehand(predicate) windmills consisted of straight sails which were an adaptation of the earliest use of wind great power, sail boats. thither were no drawings or documentation detailing the truly first designs, entirely below is an example of a Persian design that was then copied by the Ameri arses in the 19th Century.http//www.telosnet.com/wind/images/panemone.jpg(Figure 5)The earliest known use was for grain grinding and later for water pumping, and even as living quarters. The most modern have been the three blade design but the vertical designs have not been abandoned.The initial windmills found in Europe had the horizontal-axis configuration. Realising that structurally the efficiency would increase, they evolved to vertical-axis. This dealt with the problem of losing up to half of the rotor collection area. all over cartridge clip there was an incremental improvement in efficiency of the windmill sail. The most advanced windmill sail shared the same characteristics of a wind turbine blade.The mills were almost like the electric motors of their time. Their applications ranged from irrigation, grain-grinding, the common water-mill, precept milling of timbe r, and even the processing of other(a) commodities such as cocoa, paints and tobacco.In the 19th century the use of sizeable tower mills in Europe declined as the popularity of steam engines increased. Further wind power development came from America where they introduced much weakeneder systems. An example of this is the steel-bladed water pumping windmill make in the Mid West of America in the late 1800s.http//www.telosnet.com/wind/images/fanmill.jpg(Figure 6)Most of these mills had tails to orient them into the wind, but some were weather-vaning mills that operated downwind of the tower. Speed control of some models was provided by hinging sections of blades, so that they would flock back like an umbrella in high winds, an action which minify the rotor capture area to reduce thrust. The most classic justness of the American fan-type windmill was the development of steel blades in 1870. Steel blades could be made lighter and worked into more efficient shapes. They worked so well, in fact, that their high speed required a reduction (slow-down) gear to turn the amount reciprocal pumps at the required speed. (Darrell Dodge http//www.telosnet.com/wind/early.html )Figure 6 and quote above is an illustration of how the mills evolved and were getting ever walking(prenominal) to the turbine designs of today.It was from these types of designs and applications that in the late 19th sparked the idea of using these multi-blade windmill designs to convey electricity.Thus bringing about Charles F Bushs design shown in Figure 3. Despite its success for more than twenty years, there were limitations in its ability to produce electricity. The low speed and high solidity of the rotor failed to yield the railroad siding potential of a modern design.Cost wizard of the main arguments a cynic such as myself will bring to the disconcert is the initial outlay required to erect a wind turbine. Although monetary value such as maintenance, by and by may not be unwarran ted the cost to build and put up just one can be. Professor Tony Day of London South Bank University provided an enlightening be Chart that highlights just some of the initial be one faces when you think about installing a residential wind turbine.This chart was interpreted from a presentation tending(p) by Tony Day. It demonstrates the costs that were endured in an example project he undertook.This chart was in like manner from the same presentation. These are typic costs that are to be expected for the installation of some wind turbines. These are ball park figures and an example of only some of the costs. It is seeming that there are some more to consider which will only increase the outlay.The more productive in terms of power output turbines will cost a lot more. A large Megawatt wind turbine can cost up to 1 million US dollars and gets much more expensive when to consider a wind recruit.Other ConsiderationsOne of the most important elements to consider is how much powe r we can pull in and make useful from a wind turbine or wind turbine farm. At present the reward maybe isnt as satisfying as the initial cost would demand. Aside from cost though to ensure optimum probability to produce high levels of energy the following must be regarded high wind sites it is important to situate a wind farm in an area where it is very windy. An average minimum wind speed of 12-13 miles per hr (6 meters per second) is authorization.Proximity of existing infrastructure High voltage lines can be extremely expensive to establish so it is important to consider their propinquity to the turbines.Access Whether onshore or get throughshore you subscribe to be able to access your site, initially to set it up but also subsequently to maintain it.AdvantagesWind power is renewable, plentiful and much less affects the planet than power scramd by fossil fuels. It is currently the UKs leading renewable energy source overtaking hydropower and currently accounts for arou nd 2% of the UKs electricity supply. there are no waste products and wind is naturally, readily available.If a small home wind turbine was installed in an ideal location, you could be less dependent on fossil fuel energy and wind power could be a replacement, even if it is just boiling your kettleElectricity that is generated by wind surpluss no CO2 emissions and cannot be exhausted and due to the informality of their mechanical processes, a wind turbines running cost can be next to nothing. Depending on where you seek your information it is suggested that in a native location, position and if installed accurately a turbine designed to power a class can potentially provide about 30% of a households electricity. It will probably take up to ten years though for them to pay from themselves. Widen the scope to a large scale wind turbine farm and the potential is there for it to be a big player at bottom energy generation game, unfortunately it isnt there yet.DisadvantagesThe unpre dictability of the wind is a major issue. Many think that the worlds weather is changing and becoming more unpredictable. If the areas that are high in wind become less so once wind farms are erect what would happen? A sustenance energy source would require a traditional polluting method of energy generation and would rather defeat the objectApart from the initial costs already discussed you have to consider the planning permissions also. It isnt always straight forward for a wind farm to spring up. steady home wind turbines will require permission from the council.How much electricity generated is dependent on the speed and direction of the wind which isnt something that we can control. Location is vitally important but not always available and depending on the location you remove to consider, obstructions and the height of the turbine. on that point are many another(prenominal) groups who feel that wind turbines cause damage to habitats and can be dangerous to birds. There are also those who despise their appearance and what they do to the environment aesthetically. Noise pollution is also an issue although there are wind turbines that seem to have minimised if not eradicated this problem.There arent as many sites available as initially musical theme and those people who wish to have a personal wind turbine are required to test the wind speed for 3 months with an anemometer.Power sidingTo calculate the amount of power a turbine can actually generate from the wind, you need to know the wind speed at the turbine site and the turbine power rating. Most large turbines produce their maximum power at wind speeds around 15 meters per second (33 mph). Considering steady wind speeds, its the diameter of the rotor that determines how much energy a turbine can generate. Keep in school principal that as a rotor diameter increases the height of the tower increases as well, which factor more access to faster winds.Rotor Size and level silk hat Power OutputRotor Diameter (meters)1017273340444854647280Sources Danish Wind Industry Association, American Wind sinew AssociationAt 33 mph, most large turbines generate their rated power capacity, and at 45 mph (20 meters per second), most large turbines shut down. There are a number of safety systems that can turn off a turbine if wind speeds threaten the structure, including a remarkably simple chill sensor used in some turbines that basically consists of a alloy ball attached to a chain, poised on a bantam pedestal. If the turbine starts vibrating above a certain threshold, the ball falls off the pedestal, pulling on the chain and triggering a shut down.This information from howstuffworks.com shows how the rotor dimensions and its equilibrium to power out.It portrays that an ideal wind speed is 33 mph. This is before it becomes dangerous. As already discussed a wind speed of about half of this is mandatory before you even think about building a wind turbine.When monitoring or calculating po wer output you must consider the correlation between it, the wind speed and the frequency of the wind speed. down the stairs is a chart taken from Professor Tony Days presentation on wind turbinesThe blue graph illustrates how the frequency and value of wind speed and what it means for power output. It confirms that at an average wind speed of about 6-8 metres per second, you can produce about 300 300kW of power. At this specific location you only get this about 8-9% of the time. And in that lies a problem. For wind power to be considered a major alternative you need a more frequent and reliable wind speed to ensure high levels of power is generated all the time. More to the point, the power that would be generated by wind farm for example given turbines of this specification it would be a struggle to power a city let alone a nation.Whats next?There is clearly some way to go if the future of wind turbines is to bounce back some peoples turbulent views. There are ideas in the pipel ine and future design which will go some way to harnessing the energy more effectively to produce more power. Whilst residential wind turbines take the best part of a decade for you to see pay back on an investment the American Wind Energy Association suggest that requital can been seen a lot earlier with regard to wind farms. Overall, wind farms cost in the area of $1,000 per kW of capacity, so a wind farm consisting of seven 1.8-MW turbines runs about $12.6 million. The payback time for a large wind turbine is about three to eight months, according to the American Wind Energy Association.If this information is to be believed this payback time is reasonable but this does not take into consideration the initial cost of land, transmission lines and other infrastructure that are crucial to wind power systems.As time has gone on there have been some quite prominent falls in the costs of wind energy. As technology improves the trend will continue it is just a question of how quickly. New ideas and designs are coming to light now also, for example the vertical axis turbine which seems to bare some advantages over its older brother is being reinvented all the time despite being a fairly new idea. Its design allows you to place the gear box and generators closer to the ground and there is no need to orient them in the direction of the wind. Also they can be unbroken closer together as they do not have a slowing affect on the air that a horizontal turbine would which means more can be build within a given space.Every Government wants to increase the amount of power generated by wind but the major stumbling block is always economic. Especially right now, cost of steel and turbines has increased immensely following the economic downturn so initial costs of a wind turbine are even higher. Even though wind will never run out, this makes it very nasty to budget for big plans to be implemented.ConclusionWhilst wind turbines present a great argument for clean reusable en ergy, there are issues that are positioned on the odds against category. It is widely believed that despite signs showing a change in the planets eco system the promotion of wind turbines has come about because of lobbying by industrialists as opposed to straightforward economics or science. Have we in reality caused as much damage as the green amongst us have suggested? Or has there been an overreaction? One issue you cannot ignore is that fossil fuel is exhaustible, maybe not in our life time but we certainly owe it to those who will inherit our planet to ensure they enjoy energy in the same way that we have.Costs of these machines are initially very high and many are only designed to last 25 years which adds a sting to an otherwise acceptable running cost. At the moment when running wind turbines coal generated power still has to be available as a backup which begs the question, are we really trim back our carbon emissions?Also the power generation from traditional methods is h igh and whilst it lasts is constant. There are no off days that can come about where the weather is concerned. Many also despise the look wind turbines and are against the damage visually that a wind farm can cause.There is also a very real danger to birds and the migration of birds as many have been injured by this new phenomenon.In an ideal world if wind power was to take over all wind farms will need to operate at 100% capacity 100% of the time which just cannot happen. The realistic operating maximum is about 50% and many wind farms fall below that now based on data from Ofgem, the energy regulator.Wind power is certainly one option we can turn to on a small scale its attributes will come in handy to an extent. But unless there are vast improvements in the technology and power output turbines will remain an entity that is perceived as useless by many because it produces derisory amounts of electricity at monolithic cost. One could say, Too much wind and not enough draw and quar ter.

The Process Of Socialization English Language Essay

The treat Of assimilation English oral communication EssaySome of a soulfulnesss behaviour is natural while most of the behaviour is realiset. When a boor lets in the world, he/she is gradually moulded in corporation into a hearty existenceness and learns genial ways of acting and feeling. His/her existence in the caller becomes impossible without this limit. This ferment of moulding and shaping the separateistality of the compassionate babe is called favorableization. In general socialising is a social training by which every society prescribes its suffer ways and content of giving social training to its rising born extremitys so that they may develop their confess soulfulnessality.1. MEANING OF cultureSocialization is often referred to as the transmission of culture, the process by which nation learn the rules and practices of social groups. Just as we learn a game by playing it, so we learn biography by engaging in it. Socialization is definitely a bet of learning and non of biological inheritance. People become what they are by culture. by means of the process of enculturation the individual becomes a social person and attains personality. Socialization is the process whereby the individual acquires the conventional patterns of human behaviour. Every person tries to position him ego/herself to the condition and milieu predominantly determined by the society of which he/she is a member. If he/she fails to do so, he/she becomes a social deviant and is brought back into the line by the efforts of the group of which he/she is a member. This process is knows as socialisation. It is the opposite of individualization.2. THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATIONSocialization is a process of transforming the human animal into a human being, of converting the biological being into a social being. It is said that the working of the process of socialization starts immense before the child is born. The direct socialization begins only after bi rth.Factors of the Process of SocializationThere are four factors of this process of learning. These are take-off, suggestion, identification and language.Imitation Imitation is copying of the actions of an different by an individual. In imitation the person imitating performs exactly the same activity as the one being performed before him. It is the main factor in the process of socialization of the child. Through imitation a child learns mevery social behaviour patterns. terminology and pronunciation are acquired by the child only done imitation. implication McDougall defines suggestion as the process of communication resulting in the acceptance with creed of the communicated proposition in the absence of logically adequate grounds for its acceptance. proposition is the process of communicating information which has no logical or taken for granted(predicate) basis. It may be conveyed done language, pictures or somewhat other equivalent medium. Suggestion influences not o nly behaviour with others but likewise ones own private and individual behaviour.Identification A child cannot make any distinction between his/her organism and environment in his/her early age. At that time most of his/her actions are random of which he/she is not conscious. As the child grows in age, he/she comes to know of the nature of things which satisfy his/her demand and such(prenominal) things become the object of his/her identification. The speed and area of identification append with the growth in age and through identification the child becomes sociable.Language As we all know, language is the medium of social intercourse and the means of cultural transmission. At first a child utters syllables having no kernel but gradually the child comes to learn his/her mother-tongue. The language moulds the personality of the individual from infancy.Theories of SocializationThe heart of socialization is the development of the self. Gardner Murphy has defined self as the individ ual as known to the individual. The self of a person is what he/she consciously or unconsciously conceives himself/herself to be. There are in the first place three important theories to explain the development of self.3. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATIONThe process of socialization is operative throughout sustenance. What a child is going to be is to a greater extent important than what he is. It is socialization which turns the child into a useful member of the society and gives him/her social maturity. The chief agencies of socialization are the followingThe Family The process of socialization begins for every one of us in the family. They are not only closely related to the child but animal(prenominal)ly also they are nearer to the child than others. The child learns respect for persons in authority. The environment of a family influences the growth of a child. Of the parents it is the mother who first begins the process of socialization.The take The drill is the second agency of s ocialization. The education the child gets in the school moulds hi/her ideas and attitudes. Education is of great importance in socialization. The communication they receive from their teachers help to socialize them and to make them finally mature members of their societies.The Playmates or Friends The coitus between a child and his/her playmates is one of equality. It is based on cooperation and coarse understanding. The child acquires something from his/her friends and playmates which he cannot acquire from parents. From the friends the child acquires cooperative morality and some of the informal aspects of culture like fashions, fads, crazes, modes of gratification and forbidden fellowship. The knowledge of such things is necessary from the social point of view.The Church Though in late society the importance of religion has diminished, yet it continues to mould our beliefs and ways of life. When a child sees his/her parents going to the temple and performing unearthly cer emonies, he/she listens to the religious sermons which may determine his course of life and shape his ideas.The State The area makes laws for the people and lays down the modes of conduct expected of them. If people fail to adjust their behaviour in accordance with the laws of the state, they may be punished for such failure. Hence the state also moulds our behaviour.4. ELEMENTS OF SOCIALIZATIONThere are in that location elements which play their part in the socialization process of the individual, they areThe physical and psychological heritage of the individual.The environment in which he is born, andCulture in which he is because of the action and interaction between these elements.5. ROLE OF SOCIALIZATIONSocialization is the most important factor in personality development. Some importances of socialization are listed belowSocialization converts a person, the biological being into a person, the social being.Socialization contributes to the development of personality.It helps t o become disciplined.It helps to enact different roles.It provides the knowledge of skills.It helps to develop right aspiration in life.It contributes of the stability of the social order.Socialization helps to reduce social distance.It provides scope for building the bright future.It helps the transmission of culture.6. SOCIALIZATION OF ADULTSSocialization is a life-long process. At no point in the life of a person it comes to an end. The socialization of adults is easier than the socialization of children.The socialization of adults can be a prolonged and a tough process. This is particularly so when the skills to be learnt are complex and the responsibilities of the role are heavy. mostly adult socialization is designed to help the person gain specific skills.7. INDIVIDUALIZATIONGenerally speaking, individualization is the opposite of socialization. It is that social process which tends to make the individuals more or less independent of their own. individualization is the proce ss in which people come to know themselves and acquire the sense of inner responsibility. Socialization brings people into likeness with others individualization makes him autonomous or self-determining.It is the process carried through by the individual and the society, and is primarily a mental process which is being spread through the prevailing ideas.Aspects of IndividualizationMannheim has distinguished four main aspects of individualization. These aspects areIndividualization as a process of learning different from other people The external differentiation of individuals leads to the formation of new groups. The people isolated from other people develop different types of personality.Individualization on the level of new forms of self regarding attitudes The individualization comes to feels himself/herself as superior and separate from others and evaluates himself/herself in tall terms. The person begins to regard his/her life and character as unique.Individualization throug h objects Some people have a fixed feeling towards definite people and objects. Many factors influence the individual choice such as wealth or the process of modern production and distribution. Family conditions also shape the wishes of the individual.Individualization as a kind of deepening into ourselves The feeling of sole(a) can develop a feeling of privacy and partial isolation in an individual. It leads to introspection which is again another from of individualization.8. CONCLUSIONThe importance of socialise attitudes cannot be minimized in a society. A person with socialise attitudes would no do any work which is socially harmful. A socialize citizen would place human welfare above his individual gain. He would dress human values above all else. Modern society has up to now to solve some basic problems of socialization at all stages of childhood and youth. The improvement of socialization offers one of the greatest possibilities for the future alteration of human nat ure and human society.

A Look At Leadership Psychology Essay

A Look At Leadership Psychology undertakeIn a ever-changing corporate world, strong leadership is decent necessity for their survival Bennis nanus,1985.Complexity and chaos argon creating emerging concerns in closure problem in business world, which leads more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than attention to leadership. This in put to work has increased arguments how leadership is different from management. Management revolve around on responsibities and stretching goals effectively and efficiently which means it is the activities that keeps organization running(Huey,1994).However leadership is a part to influence others and guiding them to go in right direction to military strength(Bennis Nanus,1985). trio skills required for passenger vehicles to create success organization intromits establishing direction, motivating and inspiring batch and aligning people (Cohn,1998).This new leadership role, it puts more pressure on leaders to shoot effectively in an enviro nment in which noesis is an economic resource. Knowledge includes explicit data and statistics as in account and tactic or inner nose out. These ar considered as cod out skills of leaders (White, Hodgson, Crainer, 1996). ego sentience is a put upation for tactic knowledge. In the White, et al(1996) self knowingness involves the leaders being certified of their strengths and weakness and ability to accept them. ego analysis is a dish out of raising self sense. So the key thing here is to collect sufficient and efficient information to make effective last on nonp arils future for a self managed development. By examining your strengths, weaknesses, skills and competences, a mortal mickle get a clear video recording of what you are and what you thrust got.Now a days self awareness has become an important management trait in leadership training. managerial self awareness is linked to effectivess of leaderships. Managers needs to aware of the areas that needs uptake fulness to do their job well.Asking feedback is an important element in this process. Feedback is cognise to improve performances of the mangers by motivating to improve and directing to the strategies to improve performance(Ashford Tsui,1991).The plausible technique or the develop affable assessments used these days are multi-rater feedback or360 feedback or multisource appraisal, peer review and full circle feedback (Church Bracken,1997).This involves a range of raters corresponding peers, co-workers, team leaders, self, supervisors, customers etc to provide feedback by filling a standard questionnaire. The primal reason to this technique is the improved accuracy that is obtained by asking a wide range of people. This dos to improve future behavior.However this was opposed by most traditional approach with only one rater that ease offs global and true results than having different rater groups having different air to rate a manager that leads to ringing effect (Borman,1 974Zalesny Lirch,1989). Multi rater may non be 100% accurate.People pronounce ones personality based on the role that they do and over the dot they develop skills to suit the job. Top of that behaviours are interpreted differently by different people A nonher limitation on feedback is that sometimes the feedback bequeath be difficult for a person to accept that might twain a gap in relationship. But these flattering feedbacks might help you increase management skills. It helps to remain cognizant of how ones performance is perceived. If the level of conceive is high then people lead give you flattering feedback. It is seen that managers who explore negative feedbacks are in more favour fitting light than managers who are interested in obtaining negative feedbacks. Impression management associated with active feedback desire increases the perceives managers effectiveness (Ashford Tui,1991).Multi rater system takes over the self rating system as the way manager rates himsel f or herself is always biased and not reliable. This is human tendency to take credit for success and blame spate for failures. So the managers who are likely to access their competencies accurately are more aware of the jobs that they do. They are able to visualise how others see them and change their behaviour accordingly in future which in turn enhances leadership techniques.harmonize to Flavell et. Al(1968), the ability to assess another persons capabilities and tendencies in a given position and the ability to use this information to communicate more effectively is a skill that is developed with age. The characteristics of social judgement are a usance of developmental phase of a human being. Mead (1934) argues that to be aware of ones selfhood, the person must first detach awareness from the inside of oneself and use the out(prenominal) vantage point of another person. Taking the role of the other is infallible in this framework, as the context of the self consists of the perception of the social other. Duval and Wicklunds (1972) opening of objective self-awareness takes exception to Meads theory by postulating that self-consciousness excretes because consciousness pot tension its attention on the self in the same way that attention is condenseed on any object.In no way is it imitation that the various(prenominal) is dependent upon the point of view of the other in the sense that Mead intends. If the object-like nature of the self has been discovered, and stimuli in the environment are such that consciousness turns in the direction of the self, the person will become objectively self-aware (Duval Wicklund,p. 31, 1972).In other words, a person does not need to use the point of view of another person to be self-conscious. Instead, the mature individual has one consciousness ability to focus on different directions. Duval and Wicklund (1972) delimitate objective self-awareness as the state in which the self is the object of consciousness. On t he other hand, subjective self-awareness is the state in which the self is not the focus of consciousness.A manager must not only be imaginations, feelings and limitations on himself rather he should be aware of others point of view and include the information in self appraisal (Duval Lalwani, 1999). This mickle be referred to as other-awareness (Figurski, 1987).Figurski (1987) identified four different kinds of person-awareness to bring clarity to the definition of self-awareness. As seen in Figure 1, the three dimensions of person-awareness are target, perspective, and content. Perspective or mum awareness (egocentric or allocentric) interacts with the target or focal awareness (self or other) to get content of awareness. Four categories of attention result self-experience awareness, self-image awareness, other-image awareness, and other-experience awareness. These can occur together in any combination or simultaneously.Figure 1. Figurskis specimen of Person kenTARGETSelf Ot herSelf hold ken(Internal)OtherImageAwareness(External)SelfImageAwareness(External)OtherExperienceAwareness(Internal)The figures indicate that people are aware of others experiences almost fifty percent of the time. The self proves to be the dominant focus of attention.Although managers are focusing the majority of their attention to the self, they are not able to accurately judge their confess behaviours. As stated above, self-ratings are idea to be unreliable indicators of behaviour for various reasons. However, self-ratings are important as at that place are some characteristics like intelligence, high achievements status and locale of control are closely related to accurate self rating Mabe and West(1982).The greater the individuals level of self awareness the more similarity that is expect betwixt the self assessment and the ratings provided by peers. Numerous other studies have linked various managerial characteristics to more accurate self-evaluations. The discrepancy amidst self- and other-ratings is also empirically unclear. For example, an elevation in self-ratings could be due to turn down ratings in others rather than over-estimation by the self.Individuals who are self-aware are more likely to respond to information from past experiences, thereby becoming more effective and displaying more leadership strengths. There will be a significant relationship between general managerial leadership effectiveness and congruence in self-other ratings. Individuals who are more self aware are perceived by their managers as good performers. This will be manifested in high performers receiving higher congruence in self-other ratings compared to average performing managers (Hypothesis 1a). In addition, there will be a correlation between the overall leadership measure and higher congruence scores (Hypothesis 1b).In the cause that a manager is not self-aware, information on how others perceive the self is not utilized. According to the Figurski (1987) mod el, the allocentric perspective must be utilized in order for one to be aware of how the self is considered by others. bankruptcy to consider the similarity or differences between the self and others results in perspectives that vary. powerful communication is in turn hindered, because the sagaciousness between people is not clear. Conversely, those who communicate effectively are using information gathered from interactions with others. It is indeed anticipate that managers with higher communication scores will display morecongruent performance data (as reflected in self-rater agreement). (Hypothesis 2.)Previous studies have found that different rater groups draw from differentexperiences when filling out an individuals performance review, and so results can differ by data source (Harris Schaubroeck, 1988 Borman, 1974 Zalesney Kirsch, 1989). Furthermore, individuals tend to focus more on feedback they receive from their managers versus peers or others. Data source (self, mana ger, peer, and other) is expected to explain variance in self-awareness levels. (Hypothesis 3.)Key Areas for Self-AwarenessBeing a very complex and diverse creature Human beings need to have an understanding in many areas to become self aware. The areas that has to be focused for self- awareness includes psychological needs, personality traits, values, consumptions, emotions etc.Understanding our personalities can help us to discover the solutions in which we thrive and help us to avoid smudge which will give us too much stress and mental pressure. It could be in personal or professional life. For instance an introvert person can find it more stressful in sales job than an extrovert person. So either the person has to learn skills to conform to the job requirement or should look for other opportunities. So Awareness of personality helps to make a decision that will lead to less(prenominal) stress to lead a happy life. Every person has its own personal values. Awareness of own values will not subvert us to pay more attention to less priority things in a day to day and we would be likely finish what we commemorate is important to us rather than feeling guilty on not finishing it.Habits are the behaviours that are repeated routinely and automatically.Personal habit may move our effectiveness. For instance if a person who is a manager doesnt have a habit to consult lag in decision reservation process may affect his ability to build staff members commitment. Knowing the psychological needs like esteem, affection, possessive, achievement, self actualization, power, control etc will help to understand their effect on interpersonal relationships. Emotional self-awareness is one of the five facets of emotional intelligence. Its about knowing ones feelings, what caused that feeling and how it impacts one thought and action. A person with high emotional self awareness can understand the internal processes of any emotional experience so can have a better contro l over itHow Self-Awareness Makes You More useful Self-awareness promotes skill development by the bridging the gap in management skills. It leads the managers to find effectivess and help in making effective decision, stress management and cue oneself and othersSelf awareness makes a person aware of the gap between the current and future situation and helps enhancing the skills required for the future situation. Self awareness helps to utilise your strength and manage your weaknesses. For example someone gets tempered when conflict arises. If the person is aware of his weakness then the person should to not be in a situation when the conflict arises or practise to deal with the situation. That will help the person to handle its temper and not to affect others.Managers with emotional awareness are good decision makers. In these changing competitive environments intuitive decision makers can deal with situation with goats rue feeling and sixth sense. Emotionally aware persons can read their bowel feeling and have better sixth sense that help them in decision making process. Jobs that dont suit a persons personality will give more stress than more compatible jobs. This is not like if your qualities are not compatible you cant go ahead with the job barely you can put extra effort to develop the skills buy there are other alternative that will be less stressful.Self awareness is very powerful in revealing what is important for a person to improve performance. Understanding psychological needs increase want and get closer to the rewards that a person deserves.Understanding what click a person, reason of behaviour, reason of excitement etc can make what triggers others as well. So knowing to trip yourself can help in know what motivate others.In Summary To perfect ones management skills the best way to scribble is getting self aware. With a sense of yourself and vision of what kind a person you are or what you want to become a mean of personal and professi onal development can be created, its helps to motivate a person, Help to manage stress and help in decision making and helps to lead and motivate others, which makes an effective leader. Knowing yourself is a slow process so we should try hard.

An Overview Of Semiotics And Structuralism Drama Essay

An Overview Of Semiotics And Structuralism manoeuvre Es consecrateIn the early 20th Century Ferdinand de de Saussure veritable the linguistic possibility of semiology, the study of signs within wrangle and the tax deductions of these signs. This pertain the compendium of legers within school texts hardly after using could be utilize to only kinds of art, even paintings and music. The heart and souls and signs were discovered by studying wherefore a word had been chosen over a nonher, which in turn developed the whim of binary oppositions, for example it is cold beca function it is non hot. The signs within a text atomic number 18 differential, and it is classical to study the relationship between the signs that are creation springtimen, and in that respectfore in performance the audience are existence move galore(postnominal) pass ons from what they perceive and this flummoxs actually complex layers of importations as different signs connect with 1 a nonh er. Even chinking how the run-in are shed together, especially in old texts where the order is different to now, studying the sentences and which words are practice with unmatchable an different give a deeper meaning to the piece.Saussure introduced the idea of there being a sort and signified to disclose a sign. For example, the word tree would be a signifier, and hence in the receivers mind they would amaze their idea of a tree and this would be the signified, which when twain are put together produce the sign of an actual tree. in that location are many another(prenominal) arouse parts to this idea, for example the arbitrary call down of these signs, in that there is no intrinsic link between signifier and signified (Culler, 20) as there is no clear reason why a tree is called a tree. Most words send word be classed with this arbitrary argument (except onomatopoeia and words that are formed from two others, such as typewriter) and as a matter what is bring forw ard revealed is that because these words adopt no clear reason for use, e precise whizz has their own interpretation. As a result different words mean different things to different people, and therefore one person whitethorn offspring a certain(p) sign from an sight of a piece, whereas another persons interpretation could produce a completely divert sign from the aforementioned(prenominal) aspect. As there are so many cultures and no two people absorb the exact same experiences, all(prenominal) view of a piece will be rattling different. This does not make one readers interpretation more weighty, solely in occurrence all signs picked up by all readers of the piece have to be taken into account, making it more complex than even fair one person analysing it.Texts are made more complicated by the incident that they are diachronic, as they mean different things looking on when they are being read. For example, an antediluvian Greek prank would have different meanings to i t if seen by an ancient Greek in comparison to a contemporary audience. These contrasts in cultures increase even more signs to a piece, as it is the differences between the views that show that one audience is missing a significant part of the meaning, and what this lack of meaning will mean as a result. Consequently it is important to tell apart what would have been taken from the piece in its trustworthy fourth dimension and built in bed for cultural context.Theologists such as Charles Peirce produced another branch off these original ideas based on the idea of the arbitrary state, by analysing how arbitrary a signifier would be in relation to the sign. What he produced was three tiers symbols (such as a word) which were very arbitrary, indexes would be something more closely connected, (such as a musical note on paper) and moving pictures were the least arbitrary, for example a icon or an actor funing a grapheme. Even though this ramose off from Saussures semiology i deas, what was important to take from it was that even if a signifier was an icon and was very close to the sign, still a sign stands for something which is not surrender thus reinforcing the absence and metaphysical hollowness that haunt all signification. (Fortier, 22) In light of this, the whole of reality is questioned as if everyones interpretation of a stance is different, and no sign is more valid than another, what truly is reality, when nobody has the same view? This is what semiotics takes on as it is employ, as every pocketable thing is an interpretation to somebody, and therefore it is hard to see where to stop analysing, stellar(a) to unlimited semiosis, (22) as either everything mustiness have a meaning or nothing has. In light of this a performance can be probed as short as an audience enters the theatre space, if not earlier. Peirces ideas, though connected, did branch off significantly from Saussures original mildew, so for this canvas Peirces work is ackn owledged solely Saussures work will be put into use more.From semiology, Roland Barthes saw the significance of interpretation and chose to take this further in his own studies as he developed what is now known as structural anthropology. In his ideas, he tryd the Death of the Author it is language which speaks, not the author to write is, through a prerequisite impersonality to r individually that closure where only language acts, performs, and not me. (Barthes, Image, 143) In this light, the authors only function is to produce the text but the readers interpretation is that which brings the detail to the piece, activating jouissance, an orgasmic joy in the unbridled dissemination of meaning. (Fortier, 24) Similar to semiotics, the use of contrasting cultures can produce resistant reading in structuralism, for if a piece has been produced in the expressive style of one cultures codes, reading it using the codes of a different culture pith that the text can be read against itse lf. Codes were very important to Barthes, seen as cultural definitions, for example to the Western world a cow is lots seen unspoiled as an animal that produces milk and beef, but to a Hindoo culture cows are sacred, so even something as unsophisticated as this has hugely contrasting meanings to different cultures, and so codes are put into place to help with this analysis.In his work S/Z, Barthes produced five important Narrative Codes, which were proairetic, which indicated actions hermeneutic, providing suspense in questions within the text cultural, using fond norms to define information nigh vulcanized fibers, referencing outside the text to knowledge that should be common to certain cultures semic or connotative, which detail characters through theme, connected to the final exam code, symbolic, which goes further than this to binary pairings and larger themes to create a more exposit image for the reader. (Barry, 51)It is clear that semiotics and structuralism overlap and connect with each other greatly and so can be used together in analysing a piece of text, artwork or similar. In their development it seems as if they fed off each other, each building on the same ideas and creating similar ideas. until now the main difference appears to be that semiotics are very concentrateed, studying in detail cultural inferences, whereas structuralism is such(prenominal) broader and looks more at the overall effects of the play. By spirit these systems and theories of how all aspects of a text are codes and symbols for the reader to interpret, they can consequently be used on a play, such as the knightly play Everyman. Written in the late 15th Century, it is generally view that this plays origin is the Dutch play Elckerlijc, written roughly the same epoch (Patterson, 142). Interestingly in the idea of the Death of the Author, the author is unknown for this piece. As a result any personal influences are immediately govern out and simply the readers interpretation can be focused on.In this play, Everyman is preparing to die after a prate from Death, and so asks different map outative figures to join him on his journey to his final resting place. All of these figures represent certain characteristics of humans, such as Goods, Kindness or Strength, but are vividly fleshed out, for the playwright gives these characters traits and behaviours that make them powerfully real and recognizable as individuals on the stage rather than as abstract moral emblems. (Worthen, 236) As a result the use of gestures and the language style that each character uses would emphasise these traits or attributes, and so semiotics can be used to analyse these in detail. unhappily in this text there are very limited stage directions as with most pieces of that era, so much of the work has to be found within the text itself. This reminds us that a play text is arguably not complete in its own state, as it is simply a tool to be used to produce a perform ance.In medieval times God was much more dramatic than nowadays, and so for God to appear in a play in such a expression would have had a significant bear on on the audience as a square moral lesson in the dwindling ways of peoples behaviour. However in contemporary audiences who are much more atheist, the full significance of the situation may be lost, as an afterlife is believed in less and less, so this means that the moral must come out of not the religious side of the play but of the morals, to simply encourage people to be better in their way of living rather than to emphasise the preparation of arriving at heavens doors.God, in this play, only appears at the beginning of the play to send Death on his mission but as he is the first proper character to appear his moment is made even more prominent. What is notable about the version in Pattersons Wadsworth Anthology is that when God finishes speaking he withdraws ( field 71) whereas all other characters such as Death exit (1 83). This contrast in word choice implies that God never truly exits, and is therefore still involved in the action on stage, a very subtle religious message to the audience that God is always watching. The text also suggests something about the character of God, as he says they forget clean (30) and clean devastate me (35). Using the word clean as he describes sinners is very symbolic as it reflects Gods willingness to forgive and see people as naturally dandy people who are corrupted, but the clean argumentationss of their souls is still evident.In contrast to God, Deaths language seems simpler and more to the point when speaking to him, as he takes no time to talk about himself but offers himself up fully for Gods will Your order to fulfill (65). An audiences first view of this character would see a very obedient character that was sharp and swift, which portrays death in reality, which is often sudden and sharp, striking at an unexpected moment. Already within the first 70 l ines the reader has experienced very powerful messages, some of which may have only been absorbed subconsciously but will be brought up incessantly throughout the play.Everyman, the human representative in the play, is very provoke to study. He gives off a style of conversation that is very hermeneutic, constantly asking questions until he finally gets the answers he needs. His inquisition suggests that he is very confused and placeled by the appearance of Death, as would any human, as well as doubtful of what is happening. However as soon as he understands he seems sorrowful and it is clear that he does believe what he is being told by Death as the questions become less frequent. Sadly though, he seems nave of reality, saying Death giveth no warning (132) but this seems foolish as death never gives warnings in real life. His precaution of death is shown through his desperation, as he offers Death a megabyte pounds if his fate could be delayed, again a sign of naivety. Overall this seems to represent a man who does have faith, who is naturally good, but who has got lost in life and has been distracted by worldly things rather than higher meanings.On line 184, Everyman says regrettably, I may weep with sighs deep This is a very poetic moment as there is an internal rhyme and a accepted rhythm to the line, and we can learn a lot just from these words. It gives a general feeling of original sorrow, punctuate by Alas but he also seems a softened character, by the use of weep. Where sob or cry may have been used, the author has provided us with a softer sounding word that creates poetry. The beautiful result is that of grace and compassion, and so the reader feels for and relates closely to the character of Everyman, which is obviously the point of the play.We, as readers, then experience the arrival of the first moral figure Fellowship. Death has just left but clearly the impending doom still lingers in the air, as Fellowship even though oblivious to the recent events uses many words connected to death, such as lifes end (213), die (220), say no more (223) and hell (232). This could be seen as dramatic irony, as these words would sting Everyman because of his most recent experience. As a character he is very friendly and his first words on line 206 (good morrow, by this day) are of enthusiasm and amity. These emphasised, optimistic words suggest that Everyman will be safe after all, and Fellowship vows his lodge to Everyman with words suggesting he would die for the friendship, wanting nothing in return. However in discovery of what is needed, Fellowship fails Everyman and refuses to commit to the journey, even in true friendship. This seems like a comment on human actions, questioning whether all humans are like Fellowship, willing to be dedicated and incorruptible until a true time of need comes and we have to sacrifice something important to ourselves. The despair that comes over Everyman in realisation of the fleeting, worthle ss relationship would strike throughout an audience as they realise their own decisions in life. some of the characters are like this, giving Everyman hope at first but letting him down at the true moment of need. Even quintuple Wits, Beauty, Discretion and Strength, who all appear to be dedicated to him, fail him at the moment when he reaches the grave. All of these are comments on human observations, as we fail one another in the same way and depend on the wrong things in life. Strength is a very interesting character to analyse as every time he speaks he uses several proairetic words, for example We will bring him all thither, / To his help and comfort, ye may believe me (lines 675-6). This suggests that this strength is to represent both mental and physical strength, as his words are active as well as emotive, as help and comfort have dual functions. The physical aspect is emphasised by reference to Judas Maccabaeus, a Jewish historical warrior, so there is a true feeling of commoveing and power which is encouraged further by his words such as in battle fight on the ground (685). However, as Strength leaves, it reflects on how fear would down Everyman at this point, finally coming to terms with his mortality and feebleness as a human as well as despairing in his inevitable fate.Knowledge, on the other hand, is the figure that saves and guides Everyman in the end. He acts as a helping hand to the protagonist, as he can give him information and provide logic and clear decisions, such as suggesting the visit to Confession. This pushes Everyman forward where he may have been lost before, having not theory to call on Knowledge but was suggested by Good Deeds. This is used within the text to show how when fear arrives, humans struggle to focus and think logically, so the arrival of Knowledge is vital to Everymans continued journey, who soon realises the value of this companion and depends on him give me cognition (538) so the message of the true worth of kn owledge is passed on to the readers.Our final character come to is that of the Doctor, who sums up the whole significance of the tale for the reader. In reality a doctor is a scientific, logical person who can be certain and is responsible for saving others, so the image of a doctor at the end is very official and makes the meaning that more important to try to. Stating the point of the play very clearly, he addresses the audience directly (ye hearers, line 903), drawing in the spectators to emphasise the connection between Everyman and every man. He stresses the importance of understanding the moral of the play by saying take it of worth (903) while the word worth plays on the idea of our true values in life and what things are really worth to us.This play has constant religious intonations throughout, a significant example is that it opens with the words I pray and the last line says Amen. This is suggesting that the whole text is a prayer, from start to finish. Additional to t his is the constant references to Jesus such as on lines 751 and 894 as well as a variety of other religious figures, which supports the theory that a monk or cleric wrote it. (Patterson, 236) Furthermore, the use of the Angel who uses very soft sounds rather than having words chosen with sharp endings or jolting starts, we get a very peaceful feeling of this character as appears only briefly and suggests a soothing impact on our Everyman. Overall, by analysis we can see deeper emphasises of the various figures and their significance within this invention as well as the story of life. Semiosis and structuralism allow us to question words with a more scientific mind to see hidden layers of meaning, giving the whole play a stronger feeling of implication on our own life. The author, although unknown, may have written it as a message on his own views, or may have been channelling a message from above, but whether in text or performance the reader is taught that this life is fleeting and we must not hesitate to discover our true priorities on Earth.

Pi :: essays research papers

In mathematics, Pi is the symbol denoting the ratio of the circumference of a great deal to its diameter. The ratio is approximately 3.14159265, pi being an nonrational fare (one that cannot be expressed as a simple split up or as a ten-fold with a finite offspring of denary places) and a transc removeental number (one without continuously recurrent digits). electronic computers in the late 20th one C work carried pi to much than 100,000,000 decimal places.Using a computer program, I calculated pi into railyard decimals3.14159265 358979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094 3305727036 57595919 53 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989.Pi occurs in diverse mathematical calculations. The circumference (c) of a circle can be determined by multiplying the diameter (d) by c = d. The area (A) of a circle is determined by the red-blooded of the wheel spoke (r) A = r2. Pi is applied to mathematical problems involving the lengths of arcs or new(prenominal) curves, the areas of ellipses, s ectors, and other(a) curved surfaces, and the volumes of solids. It is also employ in various formulas of physical science and engine room to describe such periodic phenomena as the motion of pendulums, the shaking of strings, and jump electric currents.In very ancient times, 3 was used as the approximate value of pi, and not until Archimedes (3rd century BC) does there look to have been a scientific effort to compute it he reached a count on equivalent to about 3.14. A figure equivalent to 3.1416 dates from in the first place AD 200. By the early 6th century Chinese and Indian mathematicians had independently confirmed or improved the number of decimal places. By the end of the 17th century in Europe, new methods of mathematical analysis provided various ways of calculating pi. Early in the 20th century the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan developed ways of calculating pi that were so efficient that they have been incorporated into computer algorithms, perm itting expressions of pi in millions of digits.Pi essays research papers In mathematics, Pi is the symbol denoting the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The ratio is approximately 3.14159265, pi being an irrational number (one that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or as a decimal with a finite number of decimal places) and a transcendental number (one without continuously recurrent digits). Electronic computers in the late 20th century have carried pi to more than 100,000,000 decimal places.Using a computer program, I calculated pi into 1000 decimals3.14159265 358979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679 8214808651 3282306647 0938446095 5058223172 5359408128 4811174502 8410270193 8521105559 6446229489 5493038196 4428810975 6659334461 2847564823 3786783165 2712019091 4564856692 3460348610 4543266482 1339360726 0249141273 7245870066 0631558817 4881520920 9628292540 9171536436 7892590360 0113305305 4882046652 1384146951 9415116094 3305727036 5759591953 0921861173 8193261179 3105118548 0744623799 6274956735 1885752724 8912279381 8301194912 9833673362 4406566430 8602139494 6395224737 1907021798 6094370277 0539217176 2931767523 8467481846 7669405132 0005681271 4526356082 7785771342 7577896091 7363717872 1468440901 2249534301 4654958537 1050792279 6892589235 4201995611 2129021960 8640344181 5981362977 4771309960 5187072113 4999999837 2978049951 0597317328 1609631859 5024459455 3469083026 4252230825 3344685035 2619311881 7101000313 7838752886 5875332083 8142061717 7669147303 5982534904 2875546873 1159562863 8823537875 9375195778 1857780532 1712268066 1300192787 6611195909 2164201989.Pi occurs in various mathematical calculations. The circumference (c) of a circle can be determined by multiplying the diameter (d) by c = d. The area (A) of a circle is determined by the square of the radius (r) A = r2. Pi is applied to mathematical problems involving the lengths of arcs or other cur ves, the areas of ellipses, sectors, and other curved surfaces, and the volumes of solids. It is also used in various formulas of physics and engineering to describe such periodic phenomena as the motion of pendulums, the vibration of strings, and alternating electric currents.In very ancient times, 3 was used as the approximate value of pi, and not until Archimedes (3rd century BC) does there seem to have been a scientific effort to compute it he reached a figure equivalent to about 3.14. A figure equivalent to 3.1416 dates from before AD 200. By the early 6th century Chinese and Indian mathematicians had independently confirmed or improved the number of decimal places. By the end of the 17th century in Europe, new methods of mathematical analysis provided various ways of calculating pi. Early in the 20th century the Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan developed ways of calculating pi that were so efficient that they have been incorporated into computer algorithms, permi tting expressions of pi in millions of digits.

Alternate Ways of Measuring Performance Essay -- Essays Papers

equilibrise scorecard turn over Ways of Measuring PerformanceAbstractMany organizations be usefully viewed as a web of relationships between and among various stakeholder groups. An organization whitethorn be defined as a nexus of contracts, where said contracts are relationships that are marked by contributions from the various stakeholders in return for inducements provided by the organization. Over the long haul, the victory of an organization is a function of the terminus to which the needs and requirements of its various stakeholders can be integrated and match, without sacrificing any champion to the other. There is, in this arrangement, mutual influence and accountability. It is the main thesis of this wallpaper that many another(prenominal) organizations would be well served by making use of the equilibrate wag as an alternate way of evaluating a familiaritys performance. IntroductionSince its introduction in the Harvard Business check over in 1992, many corp orate executives and information technology (IT) professionals have found the concept of Balanced Scorecard it to be a key strategical measuring join of corporate success. Robert Kaplan and David Norton created counterbalanced Scorecard, often referred to as BSC, in the early 1990s. right away many large consulting firms like Pricewaterhouse Coopers and Earnst and Young have adopted the balanced scorecard concept.A balanced scorecard is a framework for translating strategic goals and visions into measurable results for the entire enterprise. The balanced scorecard starts with corporate strategies and objectives, and then uses pecuniary and non- pecuniary measures from across the company to create positive and negative indicators of corporate success for all levels of the organization (Kaplan and Norton, 1992). These indicators provide an in depth snap flavor of corporate performance that managers and executives can use to clearly manage the company for success on a daily bas is. Since the scorecard is based on key performance indicators (KPIs) that are directly linked to corporate goals, it provides a true measure of corporate success. These KPIs consist not just of financial indicators, but also of performance measures in customer satisfaction, internal process, and mental institution and improvement (Kaplan Norton, 1992). The breadth and diversity provided by all four perspectives weaken managers an ideal cross-func... ...to a system of performance measurements that effectively communicate a powerful, forward-looking, strategic focus to the entire organization. This balanced concept allows an organization to evaluate its performance in different aspects other than financially acceptable balance sheets or income statements.Bibliography1.) Atkinson A. A., Waterhouse, J.H., and Wells, R.B. (1997). A Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Performance Measurement. Sloan Management Review (Spring, 1997, pp25- 37) Cambridge.2.) Kaplan, Robert S. an d Norton, David P., (1992). The Balanced Scorecard Measures that Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review (January-February 1992) 71-79.3.) Kaplan, Robert S. and Norton, David P., (1996a). Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy. California Management Review (Vol. 39 No.1, Fall, 1996) 53-77.4.) Kaplan, Robert S. and Norton, David P., (1996b). Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System. Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996) 75- 85.5.) 5.) Nickols, Fred (1999). cooperative and Integrating Stakeholder Needs and Requirements. COG News (Spring 1999)

The Ethics of Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Papers

The Ethics of Gene TherapyFrancis rick was quoted as saying, We used to think that our fate was in our stars. Now we lie with that, in large measure, our fate is in our cistrons. Over 40 old age ago, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). From this a immature technique has evolved called broker therapy. Gene therapy was discovered in the 1980s a few years after researchers were already able to isolate ad hoc divisors from DNA. These techniques matured from the massive surge of ideas generated during the Recombinant DNA (rDNA) era. Gene therapy is basically the repairing of genes to cook up for diseases that result from a loss or change in our patrimonial material. It is hard to comprehend the total effects of gene therapy, because we do not know if it should really be used? Who does it really benefit? And ultimately people can easily contemplate how it affects him or herself and their family. Therefore, to understand gene the rapy some technical aspects need to be discussed. Technical aspectsDNA is array in the nucleus of cells and is the genetic information of all organisms. The information of a human genome could be thought of in terms as an encyclopaedia, the 23 chromosome pairs would be chapters, each gene a sentence, trinity letter words codons, which are spelled by each letter a molecular nucleotide--adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (Elmer-Dewitt, 1994). A gene acts as a blueprint and if these were blueprints for a house and the measurements were off by a foot, it has a huge influence on its total structure. This is the selfsame(prenominal) for our bodies, if a slight alteration in our genetic information occurs same(p) a mutation this could lead to a disease. D... ...tad. 1991. Principles of genetics. 8th ed. New York, NY magic Wiley & Sons, Inc.Gorman, C. 9 Oct 1995. Has gene therapy stalled? Time p. 62-63.Henderson, C.W. 5 May 1997. Researchers use gene therapy to p rotect human cell from HIV. AIDS Weekly Plus p. 16-17.Henderson, C.W. 5 May 1997. Hopkins researchers complete human gene therapy trial of kidney cancer vaccine. crab louse Weekly p. 29-30.Keenan, J.F. 20 Oct 1990. Human gene therapy and ethical advance? the States p. 262-263.Macer, D.R.J. Shaping genes ethics, law and science of using new genetic engineering science in medicine and agriculture. Obtained from the WWWhttp//www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/macer/SG14.htmlMeiser, C. Medical ethics symposium on gene therapy. Obtained from the WWWhttp//shsaa.org/Spectator/94n5/5gene.htmlMulligan, R.C. 1993. The basic science of gene therapy. light 260926-932.

Attention Deficit Disorder :: essays research papers fc

help Deficit DisorderFor centuries children live been grounded, beaten, or even killed forignoring the rules or not listening to what theyre told. In the noncurrent it wasthought these bad kids were the products of bad p atomic number 18nting, bad environment, orsimply be stubborn, however it is now cognise that many of these children mayhave had Attention Deficit Disorder, or A. D. D., and couldve been helped. A.D. D. is a syndrome that affects millions of children and adults in the UnitedStates and is a very(prenominal) frustrating and confusing syndrome that frequently goesundiagnosed.While there is no unclouded definition of A. D. D., its known that itsa genetic disorder that affects males more often than females, in a 31 ratio,and is marked by a classic triad of symptoms, which are impulsivity,distractibility, and hyperactivity (Hallowell 6). There are two widely distributed typesof A. D. D., the stereotypical, high-energy, hyperactive group, and the lessknown underac tive ones that often daydream and are never mentally presentanywhere. Typically, people with A. D. D. are very likable and are usually veryemphatic, intuitive, and compassionate, however they have very tippy moodsthat can range from an extreme high to an extreme low instantly, for no apparentreason. Usually, they procrastinate often and have trouble finishing projects, objet dart conversely, they can hyperfocus at times and accomplish tasks more quicklyand expeditiously than a normal person could. Often they have short tempers and leave out the impulse to stop themselves from blowing up over minor details(Hallowell 10).Although A. D. D. has scantily recently been discovered and there is stillrelatively little known about it, it has an interesting history. In 1902,George Frederic Still set-back thought that the quandary of problem children was abiological defect inherited from an injury at birth and not the result of badparenting. In the 1930s and 40s stimulant drugs were first u sed tosuccessfully treat many behavior problems due partly to Stills hypothesis. In1960, Stella Chess further boosted research in the field by writing about the hyperactive child syndrome. She stated that the behavior problems werent aproduct of injury at birth, but instead were inherited genetically. Finally, in1980, the syndrome was named A. D. D., due in large part to Virginia Douglaswork to find unblemished ways to diagnose it (Hallowell 12).Formally, A. D. D. comes in two types A. D. D. with hyperactivity andA. D. D. without hyperactivity (Hallowell 9). However there are several othersubtypes that are used to diagnose the syndrome and arent formally recognized.

Euthanasia in the Netherlands Essay -- Euthanasia, Physician Assisted

As around countries abstain from the right to mercy killing, the Lower House of Parliament on November 28, 2000 passed a bill, legalizing euthanasia in the Netherlands. Will this law impact the beliefs and ideals of other countries and causa them to re-evaluate their medical procedures? In Why Physicians? Reflections on the Netherlands recent Euthanasia Law, Jos V. M. Welie provides a descriptive overview of the history of the Dutch penal code on euthanasia in the Netherlands. In Euthanizing Life, John F. Kavanaugh discusses an anorexic patient who was illegally euthanized and presents infer Miners offered opinion based on equal testimonial of the law. In Why Physicians? Reflections on the Netherlands New Euthanasia Law, Welie introduces the audience to the store of the law and states his opposition to it. The next few paragraphs describe the history of term 40 of the Dutch penal code and how it excused physicians from euthanizing at a time when it was illegal. Article 40 waives the liability to punishment for anyone who commits a abuse while compelled to do so by force majeure, that is, by a psychological or moral force so strong that the culprit could non resist it (Welie 42). Many doctors felt liable in not obeying the law, however, they felt morally wrong in prolonging a particular patients suffering. Physicians ar faced with the dilemma of whether or not relieving a patients suffering is worth the risk of being prosecuted and losing their license to practice medicine.How would courts mensurate this so called psychological or moral force described in Article 40 of the Dutch penal code? Welie states that when confronted with prosecution, physicians would base their excuse on medical exception... ... resist medical treatment, which may result in death, but are unable to have a doctor do the unfortunate job for us. Welies article makes a great modulation from describing the history of euthanasia to reflecting upon the present situati on. He proposes many of his own thoughts to the military issue and makes the reader question the differences in medical law between the States and the Netherlands. Kavanaugh, in his article, tells a surprising story that keeps reader intrigued and follows it with an informative point of view from a judge. Overall, these articles do a plausible job on describing how euthanasia is practiced in another country. Works Cited Welie, Jos V. M. Why Physicians? Reflections on the Netherlands New Euthanasia Law. The Hastings Center Report Jan/Feb 2002 42-44Kavanaugh, John F. Euthanizing Life the States May 2001 28

The Yellow Wallpaper -- Literary Analysis, Gilman

Charlotte Perkins Gilman 1892 gothic and horror short horizontal surface The Yellow Wallpaper traces the mental decline of a woman patch undergoing a rest cure. This captivating story illustrates the conquer troth of the protagonist in a patriarchal society. Her husband, John, a physician, has taken the narrator, a new mother, to a rented country home for the summer in found for her to rec everyplace from postpartum psychosis. He isolates her in an upstairs nursery, a mode with barred windows, a nailed down bed, and odious yellow paper, and forbids her to write, in pact with the philosophy of the rest cure. Although the constraints placed on the protagonist be to be repressive, it leads her to an intriguingly dangerous obsession with the yellow wallpaper that causes her to triumph all over societal oppression and constraints within her marriage, giving her a heroic identity. The author conveys all this through her ingenious usage of the image of the yellow wallpaper, whic h functions as a part of the setting, an object correlation to the narrators physical and mental repression, and lastly as a symbol of her life. jibe to one critic The subjection of women originated in prehistoric times when the males stolon monopolized all social activity and women were confined to motherhood and domesticated duties (Degler 178). During the 19th century these societal traditions were still imposed on women. Quawas confirms this statement when she states In the nineteenth century, women, as agent of moral influence, are expected to maintain the domestic sphere as a cheerful, pure haven for their husbands to return to home each evening (A New Womans Journey into Insanity). Because of these expectancies the protagonist is a power... ...lpaper Gilman clearly illustrates by the use of symbols, imagery, characters to display how women were treated in a patriarchal society. The writer appears to have semi-melancholic mood throughout the story. Gilman clearly shows how the stifling plight of the narrator who was kept in isolation becomes defiant and accessions a deeper understanding of her life and role in society. The woman in the wallpaper does not only represent the narrators own carve up self but all women who are overly restrained and start by a society that deem these women incapable of self-actualization. As a result of her preoccupation with the the yellow wallpaper she descends into madness, which ultimately enabled her to triumph over marital and societal constraints. Therefore the writer demonstrates that in order to gain liberty one suffers immensely before change is accomplished.

Stellar Evolution Essay -- physics space stellar evolution

In astronomy, s declaimar evolution refers to the changes which stars undergo during their flavortime. Stars change in color, luminosity, surface and temperature through their lifespan. Scientist can not memorize an individual stars lifetime though beca manipulation they forthlying(prenominal) exceed ours and therefore we must study stellar evolution by observing the life cycle of many stars, each at a different point in its life cycle, and then running computer models which simulate the structure of stars. Through chronicle stars have been recorded, starting with the brightest, which have been named going back as far as 1000 b.c. by the chinese. Today we name stars in trine categories, the first being the brightest ar named for what constellation they be in. Variable stars ar the ones that change in luminosity periodic solelyy and the fainter stars are logged in the total heat Draper Catalogue under numubers like HD 12938. Stars exist either alone or in groups of two or more in a arranging or cluster. Large clusters are grouped into galaxies and in our Galaxy, the Milky vogue there are more than 100 billion stars. There are also 10s of millions of galaxies that are part of the k in a flashn universe. Think about that and tell me theres no life out there. As technology permitted it was found that stars positions are not fixed and that stars move at various speeds measu bolshy in changes of direction in fractions of a second of dismission per year. This second of arc is the angular size of a pinhead that is 183 m away (wow, now thats precise, you would think). Many of the fainter stars almost seem to not move at all though because they are so far away and thats why we use them as reference stars to measure others and scientists call this proper motion. A Parallex is some other apparent m... ...rs of a fraction of a second. Its neutrinos send a shockwave out blasting most of the stars materials into space, but many of the elements get ca ught up in neutrinos and combine to create heavier elements. Without supernovae there would be no heavier elements than Iron-56.It is not still well, but in some supernovae the gravity is so intense indoors the red supergiant that the electrons are forced into the atomic nuclei where they combine with protons to form neutrons. The electromagnetic forces keeping apart the seperate nuclei are gone and the entire core becomes a dense ball of neutrons or an atomic nucleus about the size of Manhatten called a Neutron Star. If the mass is great enough though, when the star turns into a red supergiant it will collapse under its on gravity into a radius smaller than the Schwarzchild Radius and turn into a Black Hole.

Im Not Alone :: Personal Narrative Writing

Im Not Alone The path to solitude at Charlies Corner Bar. along the way, I pass the party store where Ill find the beer and cigarettes Ive been instructed to purchase. It can wait. As I approach the bar, blaring neon beer slogans light up the darken windows. A couple leaves the bar, and through the open door seeps the sound of laugh meant to impress.As I walk into the bar I see the jape stems from the mass of hairy chests, tight dresses and bleached hair surrounding the nickelodeon in the corner. I make my way to a seat at the end of the bar and raise my hand slightly to get Charlies attention.Whatll it be tonight?I lay my money down, Ah, the usual Charlie -- double Vodka on the rocks (harder to trace on the breath). Taking a sip, I briefly run out for an interesting life among a path scattered with rhinestone diamond earrings, quaffed tanned curls over Mayboline eyes, and fermented grain vapors pushed past lipstick and chapstick. I prepare an almost psychotic habit of staring at strangers and wondering if they could be anything corresponding me. Occasionally, I spot what I think could be a kindred spirit and find some comfort in the event Im not alone.I skim over the tight dresses in the corner, vigour like me, and catch sight of an interesting specimen, partially hidden by shadows, sitting adjacent to the pool table in the back of the room -- Huh, hes new. Theres an obviously intoxicated man playing pool, and while aiming for a dark ball on the table, a swift and drunken move of his motivate stick causes his beer, sitting on the table behind him, to fall in to the lap of the stranger. The debouchered fool attempts an apology as the man slowly rises from his seat. Looks like the beginnings of a brawl, I tell Charlie, pointing towards the table. Huh, brawl. I always treasured to translate that at a bar, and I never actually wanted to witness one. The stranger blots himself dry with the towel Charlie has brought to him, and he turns to the drunk in an effort to accept the apology. Other than minor frustration, the man seems unaffected by the act. I wonder if his dry-cleaning bill will be received with the kindred response.His composure intrigues me. Most of the men Ive known would have pounded the drunk for his carelessness, but the expensive suit he adorns is my first clue that this guy is decidedly not like most men Ive known.

Essay --

TitleEffectiveness of analgesia for disturb management in patients with Sickle Cell DiseaseIntroductionPatient X was a 29-year-old male patient with Sickle Cell Disease ( darmstadtium). Aside from the complications associated with darmstadtium such as opportunistic infections and vaso-occulsive episodes, which led to intense episodes of pain, he had no other co-morbidities. Patient X ran a family import business, which required keep going local and overseas travel. During the interview, Patient X repeatedly vocalized that the unpredictable invasion and the manifestations of its symptoms was interfering with his quality of life in terms of economic make up (loss of business opportunities) and sleep. During acute episodes of pain, depending on its severity, Patient X would either contact his local GP for a prescription of painkillers or present himself at the Emergency Department (ED) to seek relief from his pain.SCD affects individuals with sub-Saharan African, Caribbean and Med iterranean ancestry. With a prevalence rate of more than 100,000 people in the unify States alone and an incidence rate of 1 in 500 births among African-Americans, SCD is a major public health concern. (Givens et al. 2007, p. 239)Sickle Cell annoyance (SCP) is a common feature in patients with SCD. It is characterised by episodes of severe pain. As pain management is primarily pharmaceutical in nature, the use of analgesia is of polar importance in maintaining a patients quality of life. In SCP, the two major classes of analgesia used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) and opioids. (See Table 1) First pop off accounts from Patient X during interview in addition to a writings review which ordain be discussed later in this article highlights major psychosocial and medi... ... ED clinician attitudes, practice patterns as well as low dependence rates in this population should be highlighted to allow intervention. Following this, initiatives to advance ED management of acute sickle cell disease pain could promote more efficient ways to manage SCD pain, rectify dissemination of national guidelines, and efforts to improve negative physician attitudes toward SCD patients. Because of the obscure nature of SCP, ideally there should be addd collaboration amidst front-line physicians such as the General practitioner and the Emergency Physician with contentedness matter specialists such as an Anaesthetist (to address acute and inveterate pain management issues) and Haematologist (to treat the underlying pathophysiology of SCD). This multidisciplinary approach will not only to decrease adverse outcomes, but also increase the patients quality of life.

Thomas P. Oneill :: essays research papers fc

Thomas P. ONeill     Tip was a man who was not timid to call himself "a man of the tolerate."Thomas P. ONeill was a person whose superior charm was that he seemed"completely out-of-date as a politician." (Clift) He was a gruff, drinking,card playing, backroom kind of guy. He had an image that political candidates redress consultants to make over. He k overbold these qualities gave him his powerbecause they "made him real." (Sennot 17) His gigantic figure and sufferbeaten face symbolizes a political force of five decades, from Roosevelts newdeal to the Reagan retrenchment. He was the last democratic leader of the old schooldays and "the longest-serving speaker of the house (1977-1986) and easily themost loved." (Clift)     Thomas P. ONeill (1912-1994) al counsels knew why he was in Washington, andwhat he stood for. He was a native of capital of milliampere and always prided himself on histheory that "all politics is local." (ONeill 1) Tip was a friend of every wizard.When ordinary concourse wanted something of ONeill he gave it to them. Whenanyone asked him a favor, he would do it. ONeill served fifty years in publiclife and retired with merely fifteen thousand dollars to his name. He devoted hislife and his money to the people of Boston.     Tip came of age in the Great Depression, arrived in congress fromMassachusetts in 1952 and "came to power amid the plenty of the 60s and 70s."(Woodlief 4) He was a rampant large who "would usually vote yes on any billthat helped people (he at one time voted to put money into an appropriations bill tostudy knock knees)." (Gelzinas 6) When Reagan came into office in 1980 biggovernment began to feel the pinch and ONeills big hearted liberalism was onthe way out. In 1980, ONeill was a target of a clever Republican ad campaignthat pictured him in a limo as a symbol of a bloated out of control congress.The advertisement backfired and it sent ONeill into folk music hero status. Tip even"made an appearance on "Cheers" as an effect of the advertisement." (Time 18)     Tip said that he "only made one vote that he regretted." (ONeill 218)It was a yes vote on the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin contract that gave Lyndon Johnsonfull control over all military intervention in Vietnam. He did this because itwas a time when Congress did what leadership asked, in feature there was not onedescending vote in the house on this issue (414-0). Right away he hadspeculation that the livid House might use this as a device to make up full

Managing Employee Retention and Turnover Essays -- Human Resource Mana

Managing Employee store and TurnoverEmployee retention has always been an important focus for clement pick managers. Once a company has invested time and money to recruit and mark off a dependable employee, it is in their own best divert to control that employee, to further develop and motivate him so that he continues to provide observe to the constitution. But, employers must in addition recognize and tend to what is in the best interest of their employees, if they intend to keep them. When a company overlooks the needs of its employees and focuses only on the needs of the organization, turnover often results. Excessive turnover in an organization is a prime indicator that some(prenominal)thing is not right in the employee environment. We go forth look at the differences between retention and turnover, why employees stay, reasons why they founder, and what toilet be done to save them. We will also examine some external factors that will make employee retention and tur nover reduction highest priorities for human resource professionals.Basically, employee retention is measured by an employees longevity with a company, and is the craved outcome of a company hiring workers it wants and needs. Many organizations find it more cultivatable and profitable to redirect resources formerly allocated to recruiting, hiring, orienting, and training of new employees and use them alternatively toward employee retention programs. Such programs identify good performers who argon likely to leave the company and work proactively to retain them. Although there is no tried-and-true prescription for retaining good employees, there are five factors that have a proven electropositive impact on retention and they should be taken into consideration when growing an employee retention programSupervisor/Employee relationship - Immediate supervisors who are also leaders of population will be the most important people in the workplace of the future... (Jamrog, 2004) Todays supervisor is expected to be a coach, a trainer, and a mentor. Foremost, he must be able to communicate intumesce up and down the organization. Employees who have honest, open relationships with their supervisors feel a guts of commitment to them. Employee engagement - The best employees are motivated by tasks that are intellectually stimulating and provide variety and challenge while lend value. Studies from the Gallup organizat... ...and preparation will help employers more readily adapt.ReferencesAARP. 2002, Staying Ahead of the rationalise The AARP Work and Career Study. Wahington, D.C. AARPRetention rodeo.Buhler, Patricia M. The exit interview a goldmine of cultureSource Supervision v. 63 no4. (Apr. 2002) p. 15-17. Database WilsonSelectPlus.Ceridian Employee Services, http//www.ceridian.com/myceridianChristian & Timbers, www.ctnet.com Frank, Fredric D. The Race for Talent Retaining and act Workers in the 21st Century. Source Human Resource readiness v.27 no3 (2004) p. 12 -25. Database WilsonSelectPlus Jamrog, Jay. The finished Storm The Future of Retention and Engagement. Source Human Resource Planning v. 27 no3 (2004) p. 26-33. Database WilsonSelectPlus. Society for Human Resource Management (2003). Older Workers Survey.U.S. department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2003) Customized Data Compilation, November 20.Demographics and Destiny Winning the War for Talent, Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Bethesda, medico 301.581.4600http//www.hermangroup.com/retentionconnection/http//www.capitalhgroup.com/weAre/research/KeepingTopTalentSurvey.pdf

The Platonic and Aristotelian Views on the Role and Status of Women in

IntroductionWomens rights and societal roles have wide-ranging through and throughout history. Yet, a common theme that is notable across numerous times and cultures is the notion that women are inferior to men. In ancient Greece, the conviction toward women followed this trend, and women were often overlooked in how they could give to society. It was rarely considered that the traits women share could be of use beyond their household duties. In this essay I entrust analyze the Platonic and Aristotelian descrys on the role and status of women. Although Plato and Aristotle had limpid beliefs on what women could contribute to the collective well being of society, they shared corresponding opinions about the genuine status that women had in comparison to men. The Platonic view advanced the idea that secluding women to the home was counter-productive to the community as a whole. As such, women should be afforded roles that stretched beyond the boundaries of the home for the benefi t of the community. The Aristotelian view, contrastingly, believed that the natural characteristics of women, which deemed them physically and intellectually inferior to men, made the home their proper place at heart society. In this essay I will advance the view that through the logic constructed by both Plato and Aristotle it follows deductively that women not only have a place outside of the home but their distinctive nature clear add something of value to many areas of society. A Platonic View Toward Women A Community of Women and ChildrenIt is sometimes contended that Plato was a feminist, but his concern for women did not source from an interest in womens rights, but rather the usefulness women could contribute to the benefit of the community. Meaning, society would receive... ...oes not follow logically that women are intellectually inferior. The nature of women that emanates from their traditional role as mothers and caregivers can in concomitant not only be sufficient but necessary for the optimum functioning polis. The compassion and consideration that emanates from the nature of women could be the true anchor in wholesome state, and the highest form of collective well being that Plato and Aristotle searched for. work CitedAristotle. The Politics. Trans. T.A. Sinclair. Rev. ed. Trevor J. Saunders. New YorkPenguin classics, 1957. Print. Bloom, Allan (1968, revised 1991). The Republic of Plato. Translated, with notes and aninterpretive essay. New York Basic Books.Magnusson, Warren. superannuated and Medieval Political Thought. Political Science 300A.University of Victoria. British Columbia, 4 Jan. 2012 21 Mar. 2012.

Mrs. Dalloway :: essays research papers

Mrs. Dalloway (1998) presents a day in the tonetime of Clarissa Dalloway, an wellborn English woman. Clarissa Dalloway is the wife of Richard Dalloway, a Conservative Member of Parliament. The degree takes place in London on a day in June 1923, a day when Clarissa is giving a dinner fellowship. She walks to the florist give past to buy flowers for the party.Admittedly, its no easy task to make a wretched womans foolish choices an engrossing cinematic experience. For that reason alone the people who attempt to make a film of Virginia Woolfs novel, "Mrs. Dalloway" get an "E" for effort. It has a wondrous look, excellent supporting performances, and I wish I could have c are it much. The title fibre, Clarissa Dalloway, is played by Vanessa Redgrave while she plans a party at her impressive home. As she does, she begins to recall the choice she made geezerhood ago when pursued by two suitors who could not have been more different. Rather than reckless passio n, her choice, born of cowardice, was for the security of a quiet life full of privilege. Peter Walsh, an old and close chum of Clarissas, has returned to England after five dollar bill years in India, and comes to visit her. Peter Walsh once loved Clarissa, but she had refused to marry him. Clarissa introduces Peter to her daughter Elizabeth. Elizabeth is 17 years old, and has an older friend and tutor named Doris Kilman. Elizabeth goes to lunch with Miss Kilman. Miss Kilman is poor and physically unattractive, and resents the upper-class Mrs. Dalloway. Miss Kilman is a desperate and fanatically religious woman, who wants to take Elizabeth away from her mother, but conceals her feeling under the guise of religiosity and strident charity. Septimus rabbit warren Smith and his wife Lucrezia happen to be walking on the street. Septimus rabbit warren Smith never meets Mrs. Dalloway, but their lives are connected by outer events, such as the sight of an airplane overhead, and by the fact that they are both sensitive people who feel empty. Septimus Warren Smith commits self-destruction the same day that Mrs. Dalloway is giving her dinner party.Clarissa Dalloway as a character in the novel is upper-class and conventional. She knows her life is shallow her former fan Peter Walsh had called her the perfect hostess. She feels that her only gift in life is in knowing a person through instinct.