Literature Review on IT architecture

Literature Review Abstract The research is only about the engross of training schema in the nerves. There ar some(prenominal) tools which ar servingful in managing the whole brass. The barter purlieu is getting highly competitive and legion(predicate) organizations ar fashioning strategies to pushover the market share. A smart set was selected in order to chthonicstand the scenario. A conceptual frames work was developed in the mind to present the problem. The IBM organization was selected to conduct the research. Literature review presents the essential theories and concepts along with the importance of he schooling carcass in organization.The introduction of the research was done by analyzing the problem which organization face because of the information. Literature suggested many systems which mess ameliorate the processes of the organizations. There are many former(a) systems which foot gain the operation infrastructure of service quality. The literatu re was extracted from different articles which improved the report. The report has many suggestions for the organizations. The study of this report can give solution to many problems which the originatenership faced in the current scenario.The comparison was done in the posterior subtract of the report and the scenario and literature was matched in order to find loopholes in the system and to provide solution to incapability. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Literature Analysis 4 period practice class 7 Comparison of Literature and current practice 10 Conclusion 11 References Literature 12 References Current Practice 12 Introduction opening computer computer computer architecture is the process in which operation and structure of an organization is defined. The excogitation in the process is to achieve future and current objectives.One of the most concur upon viewpoint is where air perspective, occupations perspective, information perspective and technology perspective is part of the future objectives a telephoner is similarly to foresee. The use of initiative architecture allows properly documented processes, systems, infrastructure and applications. This assignment briefly discusses various theories of try architecture particularly at the strategic level and thus explains the opening with a practical example which further glorifies the literature review.Literature Analysis The ontogeny of the initiative information system and management is the core responsibility of the point Information Officer (CIO) of the company. The CIO information processing and purpose making is admirer by the technique or process known as opening move computer architecture. A model base planning and management approach to rate management wise information system is c all in alled effort architecture. The complexity of business keeping system and its significance has been compensateed in this opening architectural approach.The planning and problem informat ion system is under the responsibility of the knob Information Officer (CIO). Thus, it can be rightly stated that opening move architecture is the best way to aid decision making of CIO (Stated et al. AAA). consort to Eriksson and Pinker (2000), the importance of a good modeling theoretical account should be emphasizes in the organization unless the reason of choosing one model over the other is am crowinguous. As a basic question, the model should be able to resolution the questions pertaining to the reasons it is designed for.The enterprise architecture is successful in answering the question. The quandary is to explore the probable questions the model is able to answer. In the enterprise architecture model it is affirmable to come across the questions of why and how of using the framework or model. In order to mitigate the adventure involved, organizations can barely produce more than one model to select the most fitting one. Analysis of the enterprise architectures The decision making as followed by CIO can suspensor in studying the architectural analysis model.The first amount is to formulate scenario, the need to recognize the options available to the CIO is the foremost gradation in order to foresee the information system of an organization. The possible future states of the company can be conjured by performing this step. The next step is to reconcile the criteria to decide upon in this step criteria allow CIO to set a benchmark to evaluate different models. One of the important questions needed in place setting the criteria are to find out business support, IT security and availability. In this paper, architectural theory or criteria is utilize to evaluate the model.After setting the criteria the next step is to analyze scenario, in which case one of the criteria is selected to evaluate some(prenominal) models and accordingly so on and so forth. Stated et al. (AAA) explain that next, the firm undertakes the survival of the fittest o f the scenario where process selection of the model takes place on the Asia of the chosen criteria and the support offer to the decision making of CIO. Stated et al. (AAA) further elaborates stating that the birth of the enterprise architecture took place twenty years ago and designed to address twain problems poor business alignment and system complexity.In poor business alignment the problem of IT system to align it with the cost is addressed. Kanji, H. And Burns, P. (2011) add that in system complexity entails the need to develop IT systems. The basic idea is to practice the organization with less cost involved but providing more note value and utility. However, according to the theory of Stated et al. (AAA), the complexity and cost of these IT systems implemented in the organization have dramatically emphasized by now globally whereas the real value derived from the systems have decreased. Kanji, H. And Burns, P. 2011) stresses that the giant organizations fail to ignore suc h problems therefore the field of enterprise architecture is power integraly prophetic in the world today. Some methodologies of enterprise architecture are widely use in the world today however the whacking field draw and quarters use of mainly four methodologies. accord to Kanji and Burns (201 1), the taxonomy is given another summon to the work of Coachman and is termed as the first methodological analysis of the initiative architecture (EAI). other methodology known as the Open Group Architectural good example (TOGA) is more precisely or accurately defined as the process.The federal official go-ahead Architecture is defined as a method of creating enterprise architecture and thus in any case known as proscriptive methodology. The practice of architectural enterprise is known as the Gardner methodology. As articulated by Coachman (1982), the paradise framework for enterprise is recognized s a framework which is opposed to the definition of the framework. The framework is defined as something that serves as a inning structure for construction. The second name given to the approach of Coachman is taxonomy and by definition it is a classification in ordered systems of organisms to give a inhering relationship.The Coachman framework is in simple ways taxonomy and organizing of architectural artifacts for instance models, documents and specifications. According to Coachman (1982), the enterprise manufacturing and engineering is around for more than thousand years and will remain for longer. However Kanji and Burns (2011) stress that the understanding of the process is changed with respect to time. The Canaan is the most frequently used technique in tremendous firms due to ease of application and best responses. It is also suited to bring home the bacon for necessary complexities of the system design while Enterprise Architecture.Kanji and Burns (2011) also support the Open Group Architecture Framework (GOFF) which is which primarily used within f our categories namely business architecture, application architecture, data architecture and proficient architecture. The business recess to meet the desired goals is described in the business architecture. The pattern of the application and their probable inter legal action is study under application architecture. The access and organizing of the data store is termed under data architecture.Finally technical structure talks about the hardware and software to cater for application and access (Stated et al. , 2004). Kanji and Burns (2011) also explain the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEE) which is done to amalgamate ubiquitous and functions under enterprise architecture. But Moms (2007) contends stating that this raw(a) methodology apparently s in the infancy stage so no noticeable work can be seen in the organization and there is not much talk about its failure. The last methodology sedulous in the Enterprise architecture (EAI) is Gardner.It is the practice rather than a pr ocess of an IT and research consulting organization Gardner. Literature Analysis summary The Enterprise Architecture is more of a theory than any thing practical. higher up some methodologies are stated that shows different approaches to the EAI and can be studied when considering different perspective. It can also vary with respect to the difference in opinion or difference in practice. These four approaches may be used by Giant Corporations to address different engineering, business and manufacturing issues.The large corporations are entitled to use complex systems which necessitate such EAI methodologies. Current practice section The death penalty of the architectural enterprise is not resulted from designing the software or relating it with different business units. The organization itself along with processes affected must be changed sometimes in order to show tractability and competency in the business functions. IBM has used EAI model in the multi-brand enterprise and mul ti divisional enterprise. The purpose of this model is to heighten the debate and sharing among the carrousel executives within organization.It is also designed to reach at a common land goal by ignoring most of the differences and reaching to the potential outcome. The global system practices are avoided by the corporations if the intended outcome is local profit and passing game only. In multi-local enterprises where P&L are regarded as the parameters to measure death penalty and that other performance measure are nonexistent. In this way two avenues left open for such kind of EAI. The first that change in the incentive system is needed to address the issue. In this way enterprise sharing of resource or enterprise integration can be enhanced which was much needed at MOM.The EAI system as employed in the IBM is based on four consenting I. E. Shared indistinguishability and purpose, common bonds of performance, shared knowledge and shared infrastructure. These elements when use d together can help in integrating the organization with its functions (Gravesend, 2012). Figure 1 . quaternion factors necessary for integrating the organization Source Adapted from Shoal S. And Grafton L. integration the Enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review, Fall 2002, and Well P. , Suburbans M. , and Broadband M. IT Infrastructure for strategical Agility. MIT kernel for Information Systems Research Working Paper No. 329, April 2002 The CIO organization or IBM business transmission integrates all the business units across geographies and transform strategic business priorities into initiatives of transformation. The company is entitled for maintaining IT Landscape as per the strategic road mender provided. According to Gravesend (2012), any organization does require strategic planning. It provides them the leverage to enhance their capabilities and gives them a direction. There are many aspects of planning which collectively make a strategic plan.Strategic planning helps k eep focus on the orbit that is most responsible for boosting the profit levels and overall performance of organization. Since it leads organization to be focused it automatically makes organization polish its skills that are more undeniable in running the business in an high-octane and effective way. mental home and freshly religious offerings are always very important for any company to increase its sales. Variety in new products is the obvious way but the manager must work on the execution of the issuance of new product because most of the times poorly executed new offering perform poorly ND they end up in big losses.The basic need to implement EAI in the organization focused on the provision of the information and successful strategies in order to feed in the data before hand. This information should be sufficient enough for both stakeholders I. E. Team designing the software as well the top managers making use of the information stored. In order to address loop holes in th e system, a best- practice approach must be used in the system. The imposed system should be open to any kind of re purposing and time should be saved by doing re purposing instead of re-inventing.Secondly, it is desirable that system provides future state of the IT landscape along with existing risk and cost analysis. One way of getting ontogenesis is to take full advantage of learning curve and utilizing economies of scale. Learning curve makes you more efficient in your production process. It tells you how to fully utilize your resources. Economies of scales help in simplification of average cost because of factors like managerial specialization and buying power. Strategic implementation is an ongoing process of an organizations plans which they made in order to hold and to earn profit for a longer period of time.It consists of series of action plans which are integrated to each other. Strategic implementation of the plans which were proposed for the extension and growth are v ery vital. The long term strategy can help them create a loyal guest and to get more economic branches which can earn profit for at least five years. The implementation of EAI is found successful in the organization and supports the business functions across geographies. The Enterprise architecture used in the IBM is supported by Coachman methodology. His model is based on the integration of the organization which is clearly addressed in this section (lbs., 2013).Comparison of Literature and current practice Literature has enlightened many aspects of the information which can help any organization to prosper. The problem which they are veneering is that they do not use any information system which integrates the employees. They are lacking in the internal information. According to literature there are many tools which will help the organization to increase their productivity. Software like management information system, decision support system and others can help to improve the i nformation flow within the organization.The current situation is that they are losing customers because of the service delivery time. Information system will align all the departments and will provide the information about the customer which will increase the overall flow of information. Literature suggests that internal and external flow of information is very important for all the organization. Stakeholders must be contacted in decision making process. Decision support system integrates all the stakeholders and provides the best possible solution to any business scenario. inside information with the organization must be improved and transaction recessing system will be helpful to exhibit all the business transactions. It was found in literature that information and feedback from employees and customer is very important and many organizations lose their customers because of this issue. Conclusion The report provides many aspects and after analyzing the literature and the other asp ect it was found that companies must include information system in their system. It was found that communication with stakeholders is very important for any organization.They are the pillar of organization and help to build the nature of NY organization. Organizations must contact different stakeholders and must take their views about the problems they are facing. The other dimensions which were found that management information system, decision support system and other systems are enhancing the capabilities of the organization. In service industry, the most important part is service delivery and these information systems are contributing to increase the performance. Internal and external sources of information are found very important for the organizations and they help to analyze the need of customer.