Mba Research Methodology Mb 0050

look for METHODOLOGY MB 0050 pic Name XXXXX Roll number XXXX learnedness essence XXXX Subject MB 0050- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Assignment no(prenominal) Set 1 Date of submission at learning nerve center pic ASSIGNMENTS Subject code MB0050 (4 credits) Marks 60 subject NAME RESEARCH METHODOLOGY posting Each Question carries 10 marks Q1)a. fork mingled with nominal, ordinal, interval and balance scales, with an example of to each virtuoso. b. What ar the purposes of measurement in neighborly science look into? a. Types of scales Ans) There argon four types of breeding that whitethorn be gathered in social search, each angiotensin-converting enzyme adding more to the next.Thus ordinal info is in like manner nominal, and so on. titulary The name token(a) comes from the Latin nomen, meaning name and nominal data atomic number 18 items which argon differentiated by a simple naming ashes. The scarcely affair a nominal scale does is to say that items being mensur suitab le-bodied pay off something in common, although this whitethorn non be described. Nominal items whitethorn deem numbers assigned to them. This may appear ordinal but is not these are used to simplify capture and referencing. Nominal items are unremarkably categorical, in that they be hanker to a definable category, much(prenominal) as employees. pillowcase The number pinned on a sports somebody.A set of countries. Ordinal Items on an ordinal scale are set into some kind of golf-club by their position on the scale. This may indicate such as temporal position, superiority, etc. The order of items is often defined by assign numbers to them to show their relative position. Letters or other serial symbols may to a fault be used as appropriate. Ordinal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as 1956 marathon runners. You bunsnot do arithmetic with ordinal numbers they show eon only. Example The first, third and fifth person in a race. gift bands in an organization, as denoted by A, B, C and D. breakup Interval data (also some sequences called integer) is measured along a scale in which each position is equidistant from one another. This allows for the distance between deuce pairs to be equivalent in some way. This is often used in mental experiments that measure attributes along an arbitrary scale between two extremes. Interval data piece of assnot be multiplied or divided. Example My take aim of happiness, rated from 1 to 10. Temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit. Ratio In a ratio scale, numbers disregard be compared as multiples of one another.Thus one person nates be twice as tall as another person. essential also, the number zero has meaning. Thus the oddment between a person of 35 and a person 38 is the same as the difference between throng who are 12 and 15. A person can also provoke an age of zero. Ratio data can be multiplied and divided because not only is the difference between 1 and 2 the same as between 3 and 4, but also that 4 is twice as much as 2. Interval and ratio data measure quantities and hence are quantitative. Because they can be measured on a scale, they are also called scale data. ExampleA persons weight The number of pizzas I can eat before fainting b. endeavor of measurement in social science. One of the primary purposes of classifying variables according to their level or scale of measurement is to facilitate the choice of a statistical test used to analyze the data. There are certain statistical analyses which are only meaningful for data which are measured at certain measurement scales. For example, it is widely distributedly inappropriate to cipher the mean for Nominal variables. Suppose you had 20 subjects, 12 of which were male, and 8 of which were female.If you assigned males a respect of 1 and females a value of 2, could you compute the mean sex of subjects in your ideal? It is possible to compute a mean value, but how meaningful would that be? How would you interpret a mean sex of 1. 4? When you are examining a Nominal variable such as sex, it is more appropriate to compute a statistic such as a per centumage (60% of the sample was male). When a look into wishes to examine the relationship or association between two variables, there are also guidelines concerning which statistical tests are appropriate.For example, lets say a University administrator was interested in the relationship between student sexual practice (a Nominal variable) and major field of ponder (another Nominal variable). In this case, the roughly appropriate measure of association between gender and major would be a Chi-Square test. Lets say our University administrator was interested in the relationship between undergraduate major and starting salary of students first job later on graduation. In this case, salary is not a Nominal variable it is a ratio level variable.The appropriate test of association between undergraduate major and salary woul d be a one-way Analysis of variableness (analysis of variance), to see if the mean starting salary is related to undergraduate major. Finally, look we were interested in the relationship between undergraduate grade blot amount and starting salary. In this case, both grade topographic point average and starting salary are ratio level variables. Now, nevery Chi-square nor ANOVA would be appropriate instead, we would look at the relationship between these two variables using the Pearson correlation coefficient.Q2) a. What are the openings from which one may be able to identify explore conundrums? b. Why literature survey is important in research? Ans Identifying research Problem This involves the identification of a general subject field and formulating it into a specific research business. It requires thorough understanding of the task and rephrasing it in meaningful monetary value from an analytical point of view. Types of investigate Projects those that relate to stat es of nature those which relate to relationships between variables In understanding the problem, it is laborsaving to discuss it with colleagues or experts in the field. It is also necessary to examine abstract and empirical literature on the subject. After the literature examine, the detective is able to focus on the problem and phrase it in analytical or operational terms. The task of defining the research problem is of greatest immensity in the entire research process. Being able to define the problem unambiguously protagonists the researcher in discriminating relevant data from unsuitable ones.Extensive literature review Review of literature is a dogmatic process that requires careful and perceptive take awaying and attention to detail. In the review of the literature, the researcher attempts to determine what others have learned about similar research problems. It is important in the following ways specifically limiting and identifying the research problem and possibl e hypothesis or research questions i. e. sharpening the focus of the research. inform the researcher of what has al involvey been done in the area. This wait ons to avoid exact duplication. If one had the literature and exercised enough patience and industry in reviewing acquirable literature, it may well be that his problem has already been solved by person somewhere some time ago and he bequeath only himself the trouble. Nwana (1982). Providing insights into possible research contrives and methods of conducting the research and interpreting the results. Providing suggestions for possible modifications in the research to avoid unanticipated difficulties. The library is the most likely physical localisation principle for the research literature.Within the library there is access to books, periodicals, technical reports and academic theses. Other sources are the Education Index and the Educational Resources information centre (ERIC). Computer-assisted searchers of literat ure have become very common today. They have the vantage of comprehensiveness and speed. They are also very cost-effective in terms of time and effort although access to some of the databases requires payment. Irrespective of the sources of the literature, ethics of research require that the source is acknowledged through a clear system of referencing. . Why Literature survey is important in research? Doing a literature survey before you begin your investigation enables you to take reward of the unique human capacity to pass on detailed create verbally information from one generation to another. Reading all the knowledge thats hoard so far on the problem you want to study can be time-consuming and even so tedious. only if careful evaluation of that stuff and nonsense helps make your investigation worthwhile by alerting you to knowledge already gained and problems already encountered in your areas of interest.A literature survey amounts to reading available material on a given topic, analyzing and organizing findings, and producing a summary. There are many sources for literature reviews, including journals of general interest in each discipline, such as the American Political Science Review. There are also journals for specific topics such as the Leadership and Organization Development Journal. presidential terms resign great quantities of data on many topics. The United Nations and the United States Government Printing Office are two major sources.In addition, businesses and offstage organizations gather and publish information you might find useful. For certain problems you may want to search through popular or non-scholarly periodicals as well. epoch its customary to include only data from sources that actually research the problem in a precise fashion, articles in more popular sources may provide interesting insight or orientations. Talking to knowledgeable people may also give you information that helps you formulate your problem. Thoroughness i s the key. Most libraries have staff trained in information retrieval who can help find sources and suggest strategies to review the iterature. The Internet, of course, now allows loose access to boundless information on given topics. Thoroughness in your review means not only finding all legitimate publications on a topic but locating earlier writing as well. Theres no easy rule for how long ago literature was published on your topic. The time varies from problem to problem. A useful way to locate past as well as current writing is to begin with the most current sources likely to contain relevant material. Then, follow these authors footnotes and bibliographies.At some point in this search youll find the material is beginning to be only peripherally related to your current interest or that authors claim originality for their work. Of course, doing a goodliterature surveyis easier when you know a great deal about the subject already. In such a case youd probably be familiar with publications and even other people who do research in your area of interest. But for the novice, efficient use of library/Internet services and organizing how they check sources are especially important skills. Having located literature, keeping a checklist of useful information will help you read each source.You might ask yourself, particularly for research articles 1. What was the exact problem studied? 2. How were the topics of interest defined? 3. What did the authors forestall to find? 4. How were things measured? 5. What research did this author cite? Have you read it? 6. Who were the subjects of study? 7. What do the results show? 8. Do the data presented agree with the pen conclusions? 9. What were the limitations of the study? A thorough literature survey should demonstrate that youve carefully read and evaluated each article or book.Because research reports can be tedious and difficult to understand for new researchers, many tend to read others conclusions or summaries and take the authors word that the data actually support the conclusions. overcareful reading of both tables and text for awhile will convince you they dont continuously agree. Sometimes data are grossly misinterpreted in the text, but on other occasions authors are more subtle. Consider, for example, the following statements Fully 30 percent of the sample said they did not vote. Only 30 percent of the sample said they did not vote.The percentage is the same, but the impression conveyed is unquestionably different. Reading the actual data before accepting the authors conclusions will help prevent some of these errors of interpretation from creeping into your own research. Its important that after you finish your reading, youre able to write your literature survey in a way thats clear, organizing what you know about the content and methods used to study your problem. You may find it helpful to record information about each source on a separate card or piece of idea so that infor mation can later be reshuffled, compared, and otherwise reorganized.Note in most journal articles that what probably began as a long literature survey is usually condensed on the first few pages of the research report, explaining previous research on the problem and how the current study will contribute. You, too, want to add to this growing body of knowledge we call social science by a creative summary of whats been accomplished by others as well as by your own research. Q3) a. What are the characteristics of a good research design? b. What are the components of a research design? Ans) Research Design Definition A research design is the governing body of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to agree relevance to the research purpose witheconomy in procedureIs the conceptual anatomical structure within which research is conducted it constitutes theblueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data more explicitly i. What is the study a bout? ii. Why is the study being conducted? iii. Where will the study be carried out? iv. What type of data is demand? v. Where can the required data be found? Components of research design http//www. google. co. in/ uniform resource locator? a=t=j=components%20of%20research%20design=web=3=0CDIQFjAC=http%3A%2F%2Fposta. marmara. edu. tr%2Fsozmen%2F2003-2004%2Fresearch_methodology%2Fweek_4. doc= KgOgTo-aEofqrAeFkbWNAw=AFQjCNG1ctNqNjUq_ils-O4muicz4Z2eBA=RFuXRcsnlsSIOe9zWHhr5A=rja 4. a. eff between Doubles ingest and multiphase sampling. 5 marks b. What is replicated or interpenetrating sampling? 5 marks http//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_double_sampling http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Multistage_sampling http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Replication_(statistics) https//onlinecourses. science. psu. du/stat506/node/54 5. a. How is secondary data useful to researcher? 5 marks b. What are the criteria used for evaluation of secondary data? 5 marks http//www. steppingstones. ca/artman/publ ish/article_60. shtml http//www. change. freeuk. com/learning/resmeth/secondary. html 6. What are the differences between utterance and interviewing as methods of data collection? Give two specific examples of situations where either observation or interviewing would be more appropriate. 10 marks. http//www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-observation-and-vs-interviewing-as-methods-of-data-collection/