Destroys Oedipus Essay

opportunity rules our stretch forths, and the future is all unkn admit. Some people think that pot is an un stay offable part of all characters manners. Every creature has to die it is every sooner or later. No matter what caboodle is destined for someone, piece wilfulness is like a virus that can bugger off a life block off faster than it should. Yes, mountain contributes to the end but the wilfulness also can bring a someones life to an end. End is equal to destruction. At the same time, the end for Oedipus also represented discovering his give birth self-importance- knowledge.Destiny of Oedipus is equal to the truth. Theban legend believed strongly in the inevitability of fate. Throughout the course of king Oedipuss life he was destined one day to kill his father and to become his own mothers husband (this prophecy do by Apollo) await inescapable. Surely, fate put him in the certain places, at certain times. However, its his choices and action that ultimately lead t o his downfall. People have free get out but fate also plays a part in gay life. Sophocles, in this play demonstrates how fate and gentlemans gentleman choice ar nigh linked.Oedipus had been told about his unavoidable prophecy however he tried to ingestion his free will and choice to determine his destiny. He loved his parents Polybus and Merope, and so used his free will to choose to fled to avoid fulfilling the prophecy. Again fate plays a part driving him towards Thebes and it is fate that means he meets Lauis. However, it is non fate but Oedipus temper and pride (his human failing) which forces him to murder his own father I was angry and every man of them there I killed. If only Oedipus could control his temper, perhaps he could alter the course of his life. I Oedipus, whose name is known afar I grieve for you my children, clearly it is his spendthrift to his pride that give him power to search for a polluter of the vote out also searches for his own identity. He ack nowledge that I will fight back for Laius as if he was my father If anyone of you knows whose hand it was that killed Laius, let him declare it richly now to me this is a strong dramatic irony provided by Sophocle that make our audience laugh in tear and yet fell benignity for Oedipus who about to set the destruction for him self. Since Oedipus is unaware of his self knowledge which last lead to his own banishment his fate will be zero point worse than banishment.He is constantly told by Jocasta In idols name- if you want to live, this must non go on ill-omened man O never live to learn the true Teriesias You are living in ignorance of you own undoing and the Shephard by all the Gods, master, select me no more not to continues with his search. Oedipus is stubborn I must chase this trail to the end, till I have unraveled the mystery of my birth and does not care what the consequences will be of finding out his true identity. Oedipus is obsessive about the truth. Once he finds out the true Oedipus blinds himself as punishment.This sad destruction is the fault of Oedipus strong human faults not the word of Gods. Oedipus believed that he is the son of the unreachable Gods, also he had the power to do every thing as the Gods requisite. I count myself the son of chance What the gods require upon my honor it shall be done. Here he have not seen himself as a moral (a normal human being), he is console dreaming that hes the great and glorious, which he contest himself to fulfill the word of gods. The moment he take duty of the Gods to serving the people of Thebes, and willing to search for the murder of Liaus.This is also the end of the pathway for Oedipus where he cant run or hide from his fate no more what will be will be component has come to me, he trap, collapse and transform back to his real self (real image) which is your enemy is yourself and bring (his) death of his own destruction. Also, we have Jocasta who is distrustful of the oracles until the end of the play. Firstly, she challenge the gods by killed her very first son with the hope to avoid the terrible fate. How can a mother have the heart to do such thing? Surely, Sophocle had treated her very unfairly.Why did Sophocle created such person with no humanity, by the moment that her husband disappeared from Thebes, she had not keen luxuriant to show her love to her husband by bring everything into light, rather she just marriage to a new hero ( Oedipus) to continues with her royal life. evening the last minutes she still denies her family fate, where we saw her chose the easy way which commits suicide Count no (mankind) happy until (they) die Which is against what Gods want her to do to live with Oedipus forever in an ultimately relationship. Her refusal to face life with the knowledge of her family arrangements was weak.By dying she left Oedipus to deal with the shame and humiliation on his own. Her human failings play a major part in the destruction of O edipus. parcel does play a part in Oedipus destiny. However it is Oedipus hamartia, (his moral failing) made up of obsession, anger, aggression and hubris which lead to his destruction. Bringing out the true when combine with the human weaknesses and failings Jocasta, Oedipus now no longer rules and he was banished from Thebes. Oedipus rose higher up the power of the Gods and took charge of his own life. The audience of this play will eternally see the hero in Oedipus but with failings all humans possess.

Case Scenario: Bug, Inc. Essay

The following is a case scenario bring home the bacond by the University of Phoenix name Bug, Inc., prepargond by Susan Br protest Cooper.Scenario source, Inc., a comp whatever(prenominal) based in whatever State, U.S.A., purports, manufactures, and make outs electronic recording devices. These devices are utilize by uprightness enforcement agencies ( natural law, FBI, etc.) to intercept and record sounds and voices. The equipment taps into telephone wires, cell phone transmissions, and picks up sounds and voices done the w whollys of a house or in open-air locations through the use of a remote microphone. Part of the equipment is driven by package written by tease employees. BUG has exclusive reduces with nearly relegate and federal law enforcement agencies throughout the United States. BUG is thinking intimately expanding its sales to international markets. Currently, fr legal actional of its manufacturing plants are in foreign countries and half are in the U.S. Th e companionships logo is a ladybird beetle wearing a set of headphones.As a team, we ordain be answering a series of questions based on this scenario and our reading of the text, railway line Law, the Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce environment. (M totallyor, Barnes, Bowers, & Langvardt, 2002) topic Scenario Bug, Inc.1. Define the different type(s) of legal protections BUG should ask for its intellectual property. Explain why these protections are necessary.Patent Protects Bug, Inc from having otherwise revealies copy the design of their electronic devices for 20 years from the date they file a observable application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.Copyright Protects the object codes and acknow directgment codes of the computer programs created by Bug, Inc., and their employees, that are used in conjunction with their management equipment.Trademark Protects Bug, Incs ladybug logo from being copied by competitors. Trademarks, uniform patents, must b e registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Registration lasts for 10 years rather than 20, but can be renewed for excess 10-year periods.2. Earlier this year, pink, Inc., a relatively new union depicting to fence with BUG, sent an employee to BUG to get a job. BUG, not realizing Steve was an employee of pink, hired him to bunk in its research and development department located in Any State, U.S.A. While working at BUG, Steve forwarded any BUG e-mail he received to rap. This admitd e-mail between BUG officers (both domestic and abroad) that Steve intercepted employ his hacking ability. At the end of separately week, Steve met with his boss at tip and gave him all the instruction he obtained about the BUG product lines. Discuss in detail what type(s), if any, of civil financial obligation Steve and/or WIRETAP whitethorn award if caught.Steve and WIRETAP may face several types of civil liability to involve patent infringement, defalcation of a ch ampionship secret, and birth control device with prospective utility. WIRETAP would be presumable for patent infringement if they used any nurture or sold any product that contained elements of a patented invention, which they cleverness have received information on from Steve. They would also be liable if a recently designed or changed product had similar elements to any product that BUG had patented, even if the product was different in design. Since Steve support WIRETAP in obtaining information, he could also be liable for tributary infringement, if the information he obtained was used to infringe on the patentees rights.Depending on the information received and used by WIRETAP, they strength or might not be liable for patent infringement. Though they might not be held liable for patent infringement, they have are at seek of being liable for misappropriation of a trade secret. A trade secret is defined as, any secret formula, pattern, process, program, device, method, t echnique, or compilation of information used in the owners business, if it gives its owner an advantage oer competitors who do not know it or use it( ). If the information that WIRETAP received was considered a secret and of potential value, WIRETAP willing most likely be held responsible for misappropriation liability.A misappropriation liability occurs when a secret is acquired byimproper means or an various(prenominal) breached a trading of confidentiality regarding the secret. In Steves case, both were pull. First, WIRETAP committed fraud by sending one of their employees to be hired by BUS in order to gain inside access to the connection. Secondly, Steve intercepted accredited emails by using his hacking ability and broke his confidentiality agreement by crowing WIRETAP information that was probably confidential.The last civil liability WIRETAP might face is interference with prospective advantage. Since WIRETAP intentionally interfered by stealing certain information, B US could argue that they disoriented an advantage in their industry because of information that was lay into the wrong hands. In order for WIRETAP to be liable, BUS would have to prove that they had an advantage and that the advantage was lost by the illegal actions of one of their competitors.3.& Walter, a surety guard for BUG, learns that Steve unfeignedly works for WIRETAP. Walter takes Steve to a small soundproof room where he keeps him for hexad hours. During this time, Walter continues to ask Steve what he is doing at BUG and what information he has assumption WIRETAP. Walter tells Steve that he will offend him if he does not tell him everything. Steve eventually tells Walter what he wants to know. Walter then lets Steve go home. Has Walter committed any torts? If so, explain. Discuss any liability BUG may have for Walters actions.Walters actions led to him committing three different torts to include assault, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and infatuate d imprisonment. False imprisonment was first committed when Walters kept Steve in a room for six hours in attempt to gain the truth from him. From the scenario exposit above, one would assume that Steve did not agree to stay control in a room for an hour but instead, was confined in a room without his consent. Assault occurred when the security guard decided to threaten to hurt Steve unless he told him everything he knew.Though the guard never acted on his threats, Steve feared for his safety, consequently telling Walter everything he treasured to know. By placing Steve in a confined area for several hours and threatening to hurt him, Walterss outrageous leadwould have placed emotionally distress on Steve. Since Walters is an employee for BUG, BUG would be liable to generate for any restoration that occurred because of the emotional distress that was placed on Steve. The only reason BUG might not be held responsible for the security guards actions is if they can prove the he did not act on behalf of the company, on that pointfore making him Walters liable to pay for all modify.4. BUG has come to you for advice regarding interstate and international e-commerce. BUG wants to sell its products through the Internet. BUG is concerned about privacy, security, infringement issues, email contract validity, and various other things. BUG is also concerned because a company that buys famous and/or company name domain names seems to own the rights to BUG.com. The company is willing to sell the domain name for a risque price. Advise BUG on all e-commerce issues that could possibly affect them. Be detailed in your response.It is in the companys best hobby to sell its products online. Although there are many precautions one must take, it is dumb critical in being competitive in todays marketplace. BUG must be aware of the various issues engaged in the e-commerce environment. Fraud is a high rise for one and both the company and customers are skeptical regarding m aking online purchases. BUG should be sure to provide security and privacy, speed in processing transactions, and fulfilling orders. BUG should have a spam free, popup free ecommerce storefront secure all transactions with the a la mode(p) SSL security standards display disclaimer during the checkout process and keep aeonian watch on the changes in Internet security provided periodically test.The company should also find an e-commerce solution that allows real time processing and try using proven shipping carriers that reach all locations within the designated time-frame. In addition, BUG may want to try to create its own domain, which will allow more security as well as outdistance from competitors. By using the same domain as one that had been used, will have only allow more unnecessary visitors at that station which will only add greater risk for fraud activities and security to be tampered with. BUG is to follow all legal laws in all countries affiliated, state economic barri ers, and government provisions are to be acknowledged.5. queer Town, U.S.A. has been plagued with a recent crime wave. The BUG plant in dismal Town has experienced vandalized vehicles in its parking lot and few uphold shift employees have been robbed as they walked to their cars at night. BUG receives shipments of parts and other items from vendors at its receiving/shipping dock located at the rear of each plant. The parking lot and dock areas are well lit however, some lights are now out. While waiting for the dock manager to give back from lunch, a vendor was attacked and robbed of his wallet and electronic chips he was delivering. Discuss what, if any, tort liability BUG may have to the vendor and to the BUG employees that were attacked. What defenses may be available to BUG? Explain your answers.6. The attorneys for BUG have accomplished their investigation of WIRETAP and its employee, Steve. If they want to bring a successful action against WIRETAP for civil RICO, what do they need to prove? What type(s) of damages could BUG receive?In order to bring a successful fit out against WIRETAP, BUG would first have to prove that Steve was acting on the behalf of WIRETAP. another(prenominal) huge factor, which would play a significant role on the damages BUG could receive, would be the information that Steve gave WIRETAP, and how that information was actually used. If BUG wanted to receive damages for patent infringement, they would need to prove that WIRETAP acquired and used information that was owned by BUG and protected by a patent. The basic damages that could be recovered patent infringement are damages equivalent to the infringement and compensation for court costs and interest. indemnity equivalent to the infringement would include at least the determined occur of money the infringer profited for the use made of the invention but damages could include up to three times of those actually suffered.To receive damages for the misappropriation of a tr ade secret, BUG would have to prove that WIRETAP feature a trade secret, and it was acquired by improper means, or Steve breached a duty of confidentiality regarding the secret. The damages that BUG could be entitled to include damages colligate tothe actual loss caused by the misappropriation and any profit received by the defendant from the misappropriation. Depending on the state, BUG could also be awarded penitentiary damages if the misappropriation is considered malicious.In addition to the damages described above, BUG might be entitled to damages for the interference with a prospective advantage. To receive such damages, they would have to prove that future advantages were lost because of the interference of WIRETAP and the improper use of information received by the company. The damages would then be based on the any future advantage that might have been lost.7. tornado DoGood, a police officer in Shady Town, was sitting in a police van observe wiretaps placed in the Cri me Boss hideout. The equipment she was using, which was an older model purchased from BUG, short-circuited and hurt Sally. An insulator that could have prevented the possibility of shorts was not included in the original design because of its effect on production costs. The newer models, not withal purchased by the Shady Town Police, have the insulator installed. Sally may have a successful case against BUG for what tort(s)? Explain your answer(s).Sally may have a successful case against BUG for disuse and for causation of personal injury. Negligence can be used because there was intent on the part of BUG to not put in the part that could have prevented the short-circuit and the injury. If the original design had included this part and not been left out due to production costs, it could have save BUG money in the lawsuit and saved Sally the disoblige that was caused to her. There also seems to be negligence on the part of the police department. They know the newer models are bet ter and safer, yet they have not purchased them yet. fountain of personal injury exists because she was injured because of the fact that the company, BUG, did not include the plot of land necessary for the equipment to work properly. Had the insulator been in all of the designs, this injury could have been avoided. It was intentionally left out, and therefore caused personal injury.ReferencesBusiness Law The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment (12th ed.).Jane P. Mallor, A. James Barnes, L. Thomas Bowers, & Arlen W. LangvardtMcGraw Hill, 2004 Burr Ridge, ILUniversity of Phoenix Material Case Scenario Bug, Inc., Susan Brown Parker. Retrieved from http//www.phoenix.eduProspective

Swot & Pest Analysis

SWOT & plague analysis Strengths UKs largest full service scheduled airline this makes it a popular come with with customers which buzz offs in to a greater extent business which tout ensembleow beca riding habit bring in more nones for the comp both. Caribbean r come ines be sassy and sell well as they ar selling well, the sales entrust be up on the flights which volition bring in more gold and more popularity with the customers which provide then mean more and more bulk impart use the alliance rather than their bear upons which leave behind then bring in more funds and make rival companies miss out on money Head office is fixed near Gatwick which is comfort subject it is convenient because customers and/or staff entrust easily be able to get on that point if they select to as it is situated near the ships lodges main working airport and not in the spunk of nowhere or in a different country.This means that any problems can be sorted out quicker as pile applyt need to prompt to the head office if it was situated anywhere else Pilots are well paid and tend to stay the companionship are then able to deliver flights on schedule which go forth keep the customers happy and wanting to fly sheet with them Half of the crinklebus and Embraer fleet has been bought newfound in 2002 which is good for passenger assertion passengers forget retain confidence in the technology of the planes and trust them not to fail which leave behind keep them happy and wanting to fly with them Passenger growth was up 16% from 2003 to 2004 with over 8 million passengers per year carried more passengers means that the company is making more money and also means more passengers are victimisation this company rather than rival companies Awards won oBusiness air elan 2002 What line of reasoningline? oBest European Carrier Passenger News Top Airline cuisine 2003 The Flying Chef (Sunday Times column) with these awards won, the company depart h ave popularity as the beat out for these features and will keep customers wanting to travel with the company and make new customers from rival companies Kestrel Air uses travel agents to sell its products this makes it easier as travel agents are good at selling products Has its own reservations department at head office and a website where customers can book online customers will specify it easier to book flights so the company can sell more flights easier and quicker. in any case less staff will be needed so money can be observed in their pay New features oParticipates in the Pet Travel scheme oTelemedicine service on all flights oLaptop guarantee in and telephone service in business class oSelf tour of duty in at Heathrow and Gatwick all these features give passengers more reason to use this company rather than early(a)s if the others dont already have the features Weaknesses routine slots are very expensive and difficult to acquire as they are difficult to acquire, it will be hard for the company to get affluent of them as they need, but even if some do become getable, they will be expensive to purchase so the profits will be used to buy them Failed to gain permission to operate on the stipendiary Heathrow/US routes because these routes are unavailable to the company, they are losing out on money from the tickets that would be purchased by customers thence customers would use rival companies to get to these destinations No eastern European routes are operated as yet because these routes are not operated yet, the company is losing out on money from the tickets that would be purchased by customers, consequently customers would use rival companies to get to the destinations Being situated near Gatwick is expensive in rents and rates the rent and rates will bring fine-tune the profit that the company will make Cabin Crew have created some bad press locally if this carries on, the customers will pessary using the company and use one of its rival companies Pilots are only drug-addicted to fly particular aircraft other pilots will need to be brought in that are trained to fly other aircraft, so more wages and training will need to be paid out that will reduce the profits There are no pilots who can fly all the different aircraft in the company fleet other pilots will need to be brought in that are trained to fly other aircraft, so more wages and training will need to be paid out that will reduce the profits The airline employs its own ground crew and baggage handlers and finds it difficult to recruit enough large number this means that jobs will take enormouser to do so there will be a longer wait for departures and comers at the airports which will upset customers and whitethorn tempt them to use rival companies The capacity of each(prenominal) aircraft is different so it is ot possible to switch aircraft from route to route if a problem occurs with one particular aircraft and makes it dangerous to fly, it will have to split and passengers will have a big delay as they all wont fit on any of the other aircraft available at that particular time. Customers will become unhappy with the company and whitethorn use rivals from then on Because half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002, it has been a major expense as it has been a big expense, there is a vast drop in the profits that the company are making so there is less money to spend on other things, although the money has been spent well Opportunities The airline would like to cover operations from Heathrow with more operations the company would bring in more money which will add to the profits. Considering becoming a member of single Alliance Considering new measures including sponsorship and developing a relationship with educational establishments these opportunities will increase the companys reputation with the establishments and also bring in more money towards the profit that they are making Kestrel Air may decide to contract out ground crew and baggage handlers this means the company will bring in more great deal that are capable of doing the job quicker to make sure arrival and departure times are kept Kestrel Air rely to consolidate the causa of aircraft in the future to cut back direct be and cut pilot training costs this will save the company money which will add to the profits Threats Germanic Air has square(a) debts and likely to sell its shares (22%) as 22% is owned by the Germanics there will be a massive w fuddle in the shareholders which will cause breakage to the way the company is run. This may result in loss of money and disruptions in the way staff are paid. Staff could go on strike go away the customers to use rival companies The turnover of Cabin Crew is high study for the Cabin Crew is constant if the training is constant, then oney is always be paid out to fund it which will keep profits round off and will waste money as they keep bringing in n ew staff that need training Many airlines consolidate the type of aircraft in order to save on operating and engineering costs as other companies are doing this, they will save money contrary Kestrel Airways, and they may become under threat with their finances and rival companies will take control of the percentage of battalion using airlines wage are release down so costs are acquiring higher as they are making about the same centre each year if this carries on then the company will pass to lose money each year and the company will lead to become unsuccessful Political Failed to gain permission to operate on the lucrative Heathrow/US routes because of a restriction arising from the Bermuda 2 treaty the US are wanting the routes so therefore Britain are having to agree and not make the money from them Taxes on fuel etc as taxes are exit up, more money is being spent than what is coming in so therefore the company will end up losing money sparing The World is currently in a recession more people are not travelling abroad because they cant present it so instead they are taking holidays in Britain or not at all Germanic Air is an ailing airline with substantial debts and is likely to sell its shares (22%) as the German company own a large percentage, there will be a massive hole in the shares, which will disrupt the way the company is run and may become bankrupt Taxes on fuel etc as taxes are going up, more money is being spent than what is coming in so therefore the company will end up losing money amicable The Euro is too high as of this, people are avoiding flying to European destinations as it would be cheaper to go to long haul destinations such as the Caribbean because of the currency over there is cheaper People are choosing different destinations each year as of this, Kestrel Air need to keep up on what are the most popular holiday destinations, whether they are long haul or short haul and get flights to the destinations so that custo mers dont use other companies Cabin crew have of later(a) created some bad press and exacerbated the problem of recruitment as numerous people are not recruiting, the company arent getting in enough people as they need to do jobs so jobs will be running slower than normal which can cause disruption with the way the company is run which will affect departure times, therefore customers will become unhappy and start using rival airlines technical Half of the Airbus and Embraer fleet has been bought new in 2002 all the new planes will have new, trusted technology in them that was better than the previous planes which will gain customer confidence and make them want to travel with the company Kestrel Air has its own website where customers are able to book online this will be easier for customers that are wanting tickets as they dont need to leave their homes in order to book a flight, it can be done quickly, easily and securely over the internet Full consistency scanners these a re all located at the airports to check people for weapons, bombs etc to stop terrorism. The scanners add safety and comfort to the passengers because they know that anybody will be caught that has umbrageous items Self check in at airports this means that as concisely as customers arrive at the airports, they can check themselves in which will be quicker and easier for them, which will reduce queues and late departures

Waiting Fo Death – Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot

Waiting for destruction By Stephanie Melo Pabon Analysis on Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot. Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett is a play starred by Vladimir and tarragon, two men who calculate to spend their old age in a country road talking, wandering and blathering while waiting for a individual they c all Godot. This Godot never appears in the story just they two talk about him -her, it, it is difficult to define- at the same time that they look for things to do while waiting.During the two geezerhood they spend in that place just in the comp whatsoever of a dead tree, they have two encounters with two other men Pozzo, an self-asserting that seems to be the master of the other the other man is prosperous, a frightfully sick and hackneyed man that looks like a mistreated donkey. The croak char behaveer that appears is a male child who brings messages to Vladimir and tarragon enjoining that he -because the male child calls him he- is not coming today tho tomorro w, for sure.The setting, as I said before, is a country road with just genius sack and a dead tree -a willow like they think it is called-, eitherthing in the lead to a hopeless atmosphere that accompanies their endless waiting. I think rendering Beckett is a very difficult as he takes modernism to the highest level. He really expresses stories with plot and characters through his own way of thinking. I like reading the play in spite of my dislike for reading plays I do not like to read the setting and the characters actions and movements in such an explicit way.This time I was totally delighted by the characters dialogues. It was interest to see how umpteen thoughts about their conversations, the objects they use in the story, the setting, and their physical and ad hominem description, actually arose. I read the play two times and watched one staging since the first time I had many different thoughts and ideas to infer the characters and situations they are in, these inte rpretations are the ones I will be telling. The main characters estragon and Vladimir are, to me, the absurd depiction of the system and mind.They both are the same person a poor man -Mr. Albert could be his name like the boy called Vladimir at the end of both Act I and II. Estragon is the body as he is the one with the need of sleeping and eating. He eer regards to sleep hardly Vladimir does not let him do it and he evermore wants to eat, for instance when he asks for the chicken bones Pozzo leaves after eating in Act I, and in Act II when Pozzo falls and asks for succor but Estragon only thinks about asking him for food to eat.Vladimir is the mind as he is the most lucid one he remembers everything while Estragon never does, and he says Estragon he would be a hammock of bones without him to show the dependence on each other. Also, at the beginning of the two Acts, Vladimir asks Estragon if he was beaten again and next he assures him that if he had been with him he would no t have been beaten as he is the one that can make him stop of doing things he should not do.Although they say the idea of them to constructher is to contradict and abuse each other, they both get along well they communicate and seem to be friends. Estragon says they evermore find both(prenominal)thing to go on them the impression they exist they reason about many bases but Vladimir, the mind, is very healthy whereas Estragon is very tired all the time. The other two characters, Pozzo and Lucky, are the opposite Pozzo, the very healthy but cruel man who is the slaver of Lucky. He is ambitious to the extreme of macrocosm greedy he says he has professional worries, and about beauty and grace.Lucky is the tired and sick mind of a rich person that was never well-provided with material things and I say he is rich because of the scene when Estragon asks for the chicken bones Pozzo is leaving but Pozzo says he has to ask Lucky because he is the owner. Estragon does that and Lucky does not answer, so Pozzo says it is ok if he takes the bones but at the same time he thinks something is ravish as he had not seen him refuse a bone before. This chronological succession means to me Luckys tiredness of unendingly wanting everything for him, in time the wastes, and Pozzos surprise for his change.The relationship between Pozzo and Estragon is the main topic when Vladimir and Estragon ask why Lucky does not do anything and never put down the bags he carries, and Pozzos answer is that he employ to be very kind, helpful and entertaining but now he is killing me, he also says Lucky wants to impress him by doing a job is not for him. Here the mind is sick Pozzo is healthy but he is dying because of his mind while Lucky cannot bare any longer all that burden and pressure Pozzo has put on him to make him and not to let him think and decide his bread and butter is better without outside(a) pleasures and material worries.These all four characters are making an absurd wor d-painting of what life is. Estragon and his struggle for the boots to fit and how in the second act when he tries a pair of boots that were not of his, he says they fit and and then he complains saying they are too big it is the way they refers to our invariant complains of the life we live and the circumstances, bad or good, we do not want to be in, as Vladimir says There is a man all over for you, blaming on his boots the faults of his feet.This is another way to say the metaphor about the life each one has to carry about with a cross to every man his little cross till he dies and is forgotten. They both also talk about the searching of meaning when they say people speak always to themselves trying to determine where are these corpses and skeletons come from. They esteem if it is necessary to think or if they could have lived without it, as it was not equal just to live.Pozzo and Lucky are depicting the way society is always more concerned about material things, sometimes h aving as precedency money and the mundane and superficial aspects rather than let the minds fly utilize the imagination and thinking beyond the banalities of the world. Also, with this two characters the performance of good whole kit is visible when in Act II Pozzo falls and ask for help but Estragon prefers not to help him if he does not give anything to him in return.Vladimir compares what a tiger does to help his congeners without hesitating. Finally, as they spend their days in the same place and just looking for things to do to relapse the time, it is just an ironic criticism to the routine the life becomes at some point to the repetitive start, attempts, give up, and start again. This is just a make pass people live while for the end of the night to come, for the end of the mundane routine to finish, for the death to come. When it comes they will be saved.

Diuretics Used in Sport

Alan Green W10013152 Methods of enquiry in skylark and exercise science Structured essay Diuretics determinationd in di athletic contest Diuretics be chemicals which are often employ in sport to assistance performance. The function of diuretics is to change the natural balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. Some athletes use diuretics to control weight this is especially strategic in sports such(prenominal)(prenominal) as boxing where participants need to meet weight categories. Not only rump diuretics dish out athletes to perform in lighter weight categories, they can excessively be employ as a natural covering agent for former(a) drugs.Diuretics dilute urine which can often help pass drugs tests. It is important that drugs such as diuretics are identified and managed in sports performance. This is especially admittedly at elite levels as athletes piss an raw advantage when winning drugs to improve success. The use of investigate questions can help the sag acity of drugs such as diuretics being used in sport. For look into questions to be just they have to be all of the following Specific, measurable, achievable and realistic. Below are 4 specific explore questions based around diuretics being used at elite levels in sport.By identifying interrogation questions, taste of the problem is increase 1. To what extent can diuretics be used to improve an athletes performance? The use of this explore question will allow the understanding of the physiological effect diuretics have on the body of an athlete. Article Drugs in sport Diuretics and back agents. Mottram. 2. What is the relationship between diuretic consumption and the concealing of performance enhancing drugs? respond this question question will allow the understanding on how diuretics can be used as a masking agent for other performance enhancing drugs.Article Exercise and sports nutrition Principles, Promises, science and recommendations. Krieder et al. 3. What would be the overall make on sport if the expel on diuretics and the drugs they mask was lifted? By answering this interrogation question, the morals behind sport and fair play can be understood. Article Anti-doping policies New directions, Waddington and Smith. 4. What effects does the long term use of diuretics have on dehydration? Answering this research question will help the understanding of the effects of changing the natural balance of fluids in the body and how they can affect the liver causing dehydration.Article Performance enhancing drugs in sport and exercise, Bahrke and Yesalis 5. What effect doe duretics have on cell structure The question being used for the terminal of this essay is What would be the overall effects on sport if the ban on diuretics and the drugs they mask was lifted? This question can be used to understand the issues around the use of diuretics in sport. By using this research question Academic disciplines which provide theorectical underpinning to the research This question can help the understanding of the psychological effects on using diuretics.Allowing the use of diuretics in sport would affect athletes psychologically by making them feel passkey and confident about their performance. However if performance enhancing drugs were legalised in sport, athletes would have unfair advantages. Diuretics are commonly used in sports which have weight categories such as boxing and body building In order to hive up data from the research question, it has to be operationalised. Design Sample Instrumental info analysis One problem with hardihood, one with reliability and one with ethics ValidityTo answer this I looked at what validity is in research terms. fundamentally validity is whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring and as objectively as it says it is. Is the researcher really looking to prove a point or disprove a point and in doing so have they used a) Valid research questions to measure the requi red knowledge and b) Is the research really measuring what is says it is measuring It is not difficult to forecast that if the answer to the above questions are twain no then the research must be said to be invalid ReliabilityReliability looks at whether the research can be reliable in as much as can it be applied to a wider group with confidence that the same(p) or similar results will follow thus making the research reliable. It is clear that reliability has a direct link then to consume sizes and sample validity and the spectrum of the sample, for example if a piece of company research only sampled 50 of its customers from 20,000 customers all of whom had completed a satisfaction descry and returned it with positive result in the past, could this be said to be a reliable as it has clearly taken a relatively subaltern sample and un ethically used past known positives?It can be seen that the data capture process or research methods have a big impact on reliability. Ethics Aga in I desire to answer this question by looking at what ethics was in both normal everyday situations and in research terms. In both cases it appears to be about morals and right and wrong. The debate in research terms seems to be a very large one, however I came across this statement .. our assumption is that academic freedom does not debate a right to do research Anthropology Matters Journal 2010, Vol 12 (1) http//eprints. oas. ac. uk/10352/1/The_problem_of_ethics_in_contemporary_anthropological_research. pdf From this and further reading I think the single biggest problem with research ethics is divergent people have different ethical harbor bases and believe different things are right and wrong. It is clear however that if the ethical basis of the research can be easily attacked then it validity and reliability must both come into question.It is also clear that different sectors of society may take different views from different perspectives i. e. a fiscal institutuion may ta ke a different view than a church. References alphabetic ORDER Waddingoton, I. Smith, A. (2009) Addicted to winning? An introduction to drugs in sport. Richard B. Kreider, Brian C. Leutholtz, Frank I. Katch, professional L. Katch 2009 Michael S. Bahrke, Charles Yesalis 2002 David. R Mottram 2011 5th editition

Law reform regarding Animal Welfare Essay

As the world wobbles so do worldviews and on that pointfore, so do the sure morals and values of the time. With these changing morals and values come fastening integritys, amended or re in the altogethered to reflect these changing views. This is called justice reform, in particular, the subject of brute Welf atomic number 18. legalitys in recounting to wildcat welf ar sire been do and amended to restore justice and equality to the voiceless members of society. earlier recent times, the rights of physicals had been severely overlooked. Attention has been brought to breeding and slaughtering practices around the world by wide scale media. In much(prenominal) countries these processes fly d cause the stairs the radiolocation and are rarely monitored, until now. This is when worldwide regulations occupy to be put in place to ensure that appropriate and adequate treatments are adhered to around the world. approximately animal cruelties on a small scale are unploughed q uiet, and are performed either in secluded areas away from prying eye or those who witness such things are unable or fainthearted of how to seek justice. Although most of the first legalitys regarding animal protection from sympathetic mistreatment were made in the early 19th Century, according to Peter Sankoff and Steven Whites book wolf Law in Australiasia, these laws fall short of transport adequate justice to the cruelties at heart Australia and innovative Zealand. workivists, academics, law professionals and many others region this view, giving even more reason to amend relevant rule to cover any discrepancies and loopholes. fleshly law has only recently emerged as a studied genre of law, which means it is slowly becoming more known.The constitution is the basis for all Australian law and in this case, oddly from section 51. Firstly, section 51 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament shall nonplus billet to make laws for peace, order and good government of the nation with respect to 39 subject subjects, known as heads of power. Although the constitution itself doesnt specify laws regarding animals other than fish, it does receive the conditions in which other laws give the sack be created. The Commonwealth can enact any law, provided that the law is characterized as being under at to the lowest degree adept of the heads of power. Subject to some limitations, a law that is characterized as being one with respect to one of these heads of power entrust be valid although it may regulate some other division that is non specifically allocated to the Commonwealth (such as animal welfare). Through outside(a) affairs powers and corporations power came these treaties Examples of the treaties formed with other countries are as follows * The radiation diagram on Biological Diversity 1992,* The Convention on International pile in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973, * The Convention on the saving of Migratory Species an d Wild fleshlys 1979 (the Bonn Convention) and * The Convention on the Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific 1976 (the Apia Convention).Mechanisms of Reform- Non-Government Organizations.Lawyers For Animals is an validation sacred to advocating the need to improve animal welfare through cultivation and law, as well as Voiceless. Voiceless is a non-profit agreement dedicated to fostering networks for law professionals, academics and politicians to influence law and the need for law reform regarding animal welfare. They conduct research regarding agricultural industry practices, exposing legalized cruelness and promoting need for debate. They also attempt to inform the public about overwhelming and which products have and have not come from low quality, quantity breeders. They separate the need for a voice that projects the facts of cruelty among everyday people and corporations that give way to law reform and law making in relation to the protection and rights of animal s. By building a forum, sociable justice movement, musical accompaniment in education, participation in events and forming relationships with law schools and firms, Voiceless hopes to provoke change and sensory faculty about animal welfare. The key issues that have been addressed as contemporary issues regarding this subject are* Animals as property* Animals in horticulture* Animal welfare legislation* Labeling* Live animal export* intense livestock production and climate change* Animals utilise for scientific purposes* Animals used for entertainment* Pets* Pests* Wild animals* Fish and crustaceansThese are a vast ramble on of issues, which call for a vast range of bills to be introduced from a Brobdingnagian number of interested politicians. Having animals as property and pets, means that we as existence own them. We dictate what it is they eat, drink, do etc. We are responsible for fetching tutorship of them, and the blatant fact is that many people dont. As Gary Francio ne, distinguished professor of law, states animals are as a matter of law, solely means to human ends. As such, their value is measured in terms of their usefulness to humans, and not in terms of their own interests. The Animal Legal Defence Fund (ALDF), was established in 1979 and has more than 100,000 dedicated lawyer members who apply their skills in a number of ways in order to protect the lives and advance the interests of animals through the legal system.For example, the Litigation course files cutting-edge lawsuits to stop the abuse of companion animals, and animals abused in industries including grind farming and the entertainment business while the Criminal Justice course of instruction works with law enforcement and prosecutors to seek maximum penalties for animal abusers. ALDF has also been at the forefront of law reform in respect to one that can actually make a difference. With changing times also comes the at a time described as likely to be the next great social justice movement, animal welfare is becoming more well known. Universities have been reflecting this out proceeds issue, providing more and more opportunities for education on and relating to animal rights and animals and the environment. Examples of such debates for reform topics and their respectable supporters ( as found on http//www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2008/will-animal-rights- nonplus-next-great-social-justice-movement) are below* Arguments in favour of basic legal rights for nonhumans (Steven Wise prexy, centerfield for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights Inc., Coral Springs, Florida, USA ) * Suicide intellectual nourishments the anthropomorphising of animals (Prof Mark Kingwell, Uni of Toronto) * Animal rights activists case against the animal industries (Tom Regan, American philosopher and animal rights activist) * The philosophy behind animal welfare (Geoffrey Bloom, Geoffrey Bloom & Associates) * The law and pig farming (Dr Malcolm Caulfield, legal direction for Ani mals Australia) * Animals and the law in Australia a livestock industry perspective ( Kathleen ploughman General Manager Policy for Australian Pork Ltd, with Alan Person and pot Topfer) * The treatment of feral animals (Graeme McEwen, Barristers Animal offbeat Panel) * The ethics of animal biotech (Professors Mickey Gjerris and Peter Sandoe, University of Copenhagen) * Animal derived food labelling (Katrina Sharman, Corporate Counsel, Voiceless, the fund for animals) * The normal law and animal rights (Nichola Donovan, Lawyers for Animals) * Animals, guardianship and the local courtsAnother benefit humans get from animals is profit. Breeding and meat production are industries where voraciousness comes into play and animals needs and rights are forgotten. These NGOs raise aware(p)ness and with the help of media, put pressure on the courts and parliament to introduce change. sure ministers will be targeted and issues put forward to so that agencies have a representative in cou rt.Animal Laws that already exsist* Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT)* Animal Welfare Act 1999 (NT)* Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW)* Animal Care & Protection Act 2001 (QLD)* Animal Welfare Act 1985 (SA)* Animal Welfare Act 1993 (TAS)* Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (VIC)* Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WAThe shortcomings of these laws are the lack of equal treatment among animals used for scientific research and those that are pets. Eg Cats will receive better treatment than pigs, as they are pets and pigs are used simply to grow and once they are grown, to eat. Again, seen as property beneficial to humans, which goes against the rules of law. The majority of the difficulties with enforcement stem from the manner by which the power to enforce animal welfare legislation is granted. The power is granted to* State government departments* the RSPCA* and the police.Much of the enforcement is carried out by the RSPCA. It is the state and dominion governments that are responsible for enacting legislation appropriate to their areas, therefore this will be done through the New South Wales Law Reform focal point. The New South Wales Law Reform Commission takes care of localized matters in relation to the state and the Australian Law Reform Commission takes care of matters to do with international treaties of trade and animal treatment. The New South Wales Law Reform Commission may be the pinnacle of law making bodies for New South Wales, The Australian Law Reform Commission itself recognizes the altering times and calls for change throughout the country. Dated 19th May 2009, David Weisbrot, President of the ALRC spoke at the University of Sydney about their views upon the issue, with the NGO Voiceless.He tell that I think we need national or at least harmonised legislation that protects animal welfare and is not set at the lowest common denominator or is so riddled with loopholes that you could drive a large factory farm truck though. From the President of the ALRC itself, one would have to assume actions were being made in establishing new laws regarding animals, however it is not so. In the recent years, there has been much talk of changes yet no actions or amendments have been put in place as a follow through of this talk. David also stated that we evolve over time, resulting in the need for law reform and that it is this slow and painstakingly gradual task. Reasons for law reform regarding animal welfareAn example of the altering views are immemorial in the subject of Sweden banning importations of Australian wool in the business that it would be supporting mulesing. This could go on to be a major issue for the wool trade industry. Another concept is that of the changing and growing world, as the population grows, so does the need for food. This pressures farmers into states of big money production Eg The mass breeding and steroid use in chickens so that they reach maturity 10x faster than usual, leaving their leg s to break and mutate under the abnormal encumbrance that grows too fast for the rest of the body to keep up. These chickens have shorter and highly painful life spans, are kept in battery cages where there is no room for them to walk or sit. This issue has been addressed in documentaries attempting to make the public aware of the cruel and selfish origin their educate is coming from and spur politicians into addressing the subject with observance of practices and laws to protect such animals.As is seen in the many above genres relating to animals as pets, food and many other things, a massive need for appropriate and general legislation has surfaced. Ways of mass production are under fire scrutiny for cruel practices, while more monitoring of animal owners has become paramount for the RSPCA. Universities have opened doors to educating the worlds youth about this topic, providing a new force of law trained individuals, able to influence people within their league into the advert isement and hopeful altering of current laws. These trained professionals have the ability to uncover the shortcomings of current laws that have been so far move under the rug, and take them to members of the State and Federal Governments for consideration.The Non-Government Organizations such as the RSPCA or Voiceless project widely held views of the public, who may not be as educated or influential within the political spectrum, but chuck up the sponge the public a say all the same. With a new inflow of technology from the late 20th into modern 21st century, brings both autocratic and negative possibilities when monitoring and even bringing about animal cruelty. That is, one can use cameras placed in chicken farms to monitor such breeding, but it is the development of scientific technology that has allowed such abnormal growth in the first place. Education towards use of technology in a morally aware way should be a priority for the government, as well as making the public mor e aware of those cruelties that witness every single day. By making the public largely aware of various aspects of animal cruelty, many more opinions can be change to support the work of the RSPCA and Voiceless, so that both the N.S.W Law Reform Commission and Australian Law Reform Commission can alter their own priorities and make changes to relative legislation.Bibliography* http//www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/welfare* http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reform* http//www.lawyersforanimals.org.au/documents/Animal-Law-Subject-Proposal.pdf * http//lawyersforanimals.org.au/* http//www.federationpress.com.au/bookstore/book.asp?isbn=9781862877191 * http//www.animallaw.info/nonus/articles/ovaustrailia.htm * http//lsa.net.au/wcb-content/uploads/lsa/files/2011/Animal%20Law%20-%20a%20need%20for%20reform%20(LSA%20State%20Conference%20March%202011).pdf * http//www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2008/will-animal-rights-become-next-great-social-justice-movement * http//www.alrc.gov.au /news-media/2009/voiceless-animal-law-lecture-series

Both Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin

some(prenominal) Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin give the contri saveor a essay of what spousals must have been equal and is cool off like for some. Both the cashier in Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper and Mrs. mallard in myth of an Hour are repressed wives. The society they live in and gender roles contri plainlye to their repressed states. Both Chopin and Gilman write of womens issues in many of their works and explore the roles and lives of women but in very divers(prenominal) panaches. Both authors show us women who feel very trapped and do non have control of even the nigh obvious aspects of their lives.Freedom is achieved in very unconventional ways in both these stories, but the pleasing of exhaustdom these narrators achieve is not available to most women of the time. In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, the narrator, who significantly is never named, is significantly repressed by her economise. Her save is a doctor who is at best patronizing and at beat demeaning to her For example, John laughs at me, of course, but unitary expects that in trade union (Gilman). This quote is included to make the reader question this relationship.Were women supposed to be laughed at in marriage? An separate example of this would be so he took me in his arms and called me a blessed little cat (Gilman). Again, her hubby is patronizing her. It is not that she doesnt love her husband or even that he doesnt love her. It is simply that this is the way marriage is expected to be. She must bend to his every whim and do scarce what he tells her. She doesnt even have control of her own soundbox or her own medical treatment in this story. Her husband is a man and a doctor, both of which make him right. The reader infers that the narrator has late had a baby and is suffering from post-partum depression, which is undiagnosed at the time Gilman writes. Her husband John has taken her to a vacation home/mental wellness facility for the summer . She has no say in this decision but is moreover told to rest and recover. When she wants to go visit her cousins Henry and Julia, she is again turned down. Her husband really plays more of a parental role with her. Eventually she begins to discase the wallpaper to give her something to do, and she sees a char trapped behind the wallpaper. This cleaning lady represents her.She is trapped in this house, in this lifeonly she has no one to help her escape. She sets slightly freeing this woman only when she does, she suddenly becomes the woman. The narrator says, Ive got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back (Gilman) Significantly, she has escaped although she has lost her sanity as well. Charlotte Perkins-Gilman herself tells us why she wrote this story, and that is to stop women from going crazy. Women need to free themselves from the bonds of men. In Story of an Hour, Kate Chopins narrator seems like a typica l wife.Her husband has gone on a hunting trip, and when she gets news of his death, she is at initiative very sad. Then she begins to understand the ramifications of him being gone, the idea that she can straight live for herself, and she celebrates. She said it over and over under her breath free, free, free (Chopin) The narrator realizes exactly what her husbands death means. on that point would be no one to live for during those coming years she would live for herself. There would be no powerful bequeath bending hers in that artifice persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to inspect a private will upon a fellow-creature. (Chopin) However, this celebration is brief because she then(prenominal) gets news that in fact, her husband is still alive. She dies of heart failure. Everyone believes that she has died from the joy that kills, (Chopin), but the reader knows that she has died over the unpleasant shock that her husband is still alive. Kate Chopin, of course, is implying for us that real happiness cannot exist without the necessary conditions of freedom and equality. While Mrs. Mallard has not been miserable in her marriage, nor did she spend her time thinking about whether her marriage was happy, she has now had a glimpse of what her life would be like alone.She loved the thought and was excited about facing life alone. The reader understands that while the narrator did not necessarily know it at the time, she was still repressed by her marriage and that constant bending of her will to other human being. Both of these authors provide us with a realistic pick up of what marriage could and can be like. They are repressed and trapped in their relationships, but each author shows us a different way out. In Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper, ironically the narrator escapes with insanity.She frees the woman in the wallpaper, thereby freeing herself of societal expectations. In Kate Chopins Story of an Hour, the na rrator first escapes through the death of her husband and then through her own death. It isnt that she doesnt love her husband. She does experience momentary grief, but through her grief and fear, she gets a glimpse of what her future could look like. She understands that she will finally be able to live for herself. So, when she finds out her husband is alive, she dies of a heart attack. How sad it is that these women can escape in no other ways.Both Gilman and Chopin were masters at allowing the reader to see the way that women were repressed in their society. We dont hate the men we just wish women did not have to be so subservient. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour, http//classiclit. about. com/library/bl- etexts/kchopin/bl-kchop-story. htm Esch, Stacy Tartar. http//brainstorm-services. com/wcu-2005/poe-story-hour. hypertext markup language 2001-2005. Accessed March 18, 2007. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper, http//classiclit. about. com/library/bl-et exts/cpgilman/bl-cpgilman-yellowwall. htm

Industrial tour Essay

Last Thursday, the 17th of January year 2013, we went to EPZA and FCIE for our industrial tour. We visited the companies big Wiring Technologies Co. Inc., NSG Pilipinas NM and KLT Fruits Inc. Let me discuss to you my insights for each(prenominal) company.First kill we claim the Macro Wiring Technologies Co. Inc. They manufacture Wire Harnesses and Assemblies and is the main provider of the APC company. Their mission is to be the Top Mind choice of customers in providing harvest-homes and services and is committed to deliver on time with theatrical role products delineate by their customer. They vision their company to be a progressive producer of Wire Harnesses and Assemblies for export and domestic markets in an environment aloney friendly, economically, vi open and globally competitive industry. Additional to that, they aim to provide more jobs to Filipinos.Since they be the study supplier of APC, they do not practice advertising. Though they subcontract with other lo cal companies, they say that these companies were obtained as their client through word of spill the beans (referrals). Their raw materials atomic number 18 imported from China, Taiwan, US, UK and other countries. They use the JIT (just-in-time) as their auction pitch system. They only have one plant which is fixed at EPZA Rosario Cavite and they get in in dollars which is forecasted to be around 14M for this year.They operate 24/7 with 2 shifts. According to Maam Joan, the take head, most of their workers be students from NCST and argon trained for a maximum training of one week. The second company, on the other hand deals with glass mats, glass fibers and PG separators. The company is Pilipinas NM (under NSG) that is turn up in FCIE. Their slogan is Lets raise our individual esthesia for spirit to grain customers trust. This company is 100% Japanese owned and started its operation dated back on July 1, 1995. There are 120 employees for their 35,763 square meter factory.T heir products are for export though at that place is a 10% supply locally. Most of their clients are from Taiwan, India, China, Turkey and a lot more. The factory that we went to is in charge for the manufacturing of the products. They receive orders and complaints but for the gross gross revenue and promotions, they have what they call a middle-company (like a middleman) so they are not fully aware of the advertising and other promotions their company is practising except that they know they core business/industry exhibits. The same goes for the delivery the delivery of the products depends on sales agents. They said that the volumes of orders are seasonal. The same as the low gear company, since their products are for export, their sales as in dollars.The last company we went to is the KLT Fruits Inc. Established in 1984, KLT Fruits, Inc. manufactures tropical fruit purees, concentrates, red bean jams as well as preserves for markets in the US, Japan, Asia- Pacific, Europe, a nd the Philippines. They pride themselves by not only providing quality products but by also rendering technical services such as client product formulation, client process parameters, and new product development. Through their knowledge of the industry, production know-how, and our commitment to quality, they are able to march life-long partnerships with their clients. Their team of experts and skilled associates guarantees the best customer service and more importantly, products of the highest quality.Their production process is fully automated. There is what they call a central building block where only one person manages the entire process. The other employees are into box and other manual process needed before and after the production. Their sales are by container which is well-nigh 20 tonnes per container. And just like the first company, they do not have any advertising practices though they join expos or exhibits like the second company.Most of the partnerships of KLT ar e foreign companies located abroad and again, they earn in dollars too. The basis of their pricing, just the same as the first two aforementioned companies, are the raw materials, manufacturing, production and command processing overhead costs which also dictates their market percentage.After discussing each of the information share to us by the companies we went to, Ive noticed a few things they all have in common.1. They are exporting their final products because most of their clients are foreign.2. They do not do advertising.3. Each of them has a focus quality (Macro Wiring Technologies Co. Inc.), safety (Pilipinas NM), and long-term relationships (KLT Fruits Inc.)4. They are a major supplier of a company.5. Their company has only one plant.Upon knowing these similarities, I was able to realize that there really is a huge difference of business-to-business from business-to-consumer in terms of sales, promotions, and relationships. I understood that in business to business, manag ement is more focused in building relationships with large accounts rather than trying to submit other small-medium enterprises because targeting and serving the large companies yield greater profits. Another learnedness I had from the tour is that in b2b, selling isnt just about knowing who your customers and what your objectives are.But one must also understand each of the process the product goes through and the delivery system the company uses so that when conflicts arise, the management will past be able to create solutions faster. why? Well, since business to business rely more on business relationships, then it is a must to deliver a good and competitive customer/client service. Business to business marketing is really quite perplexing for we have been focused with consumer marketing for almost four years. But after being able to personally witness and hear the process, the strategies and operations of the manufacturing companies we have been to last Thursday, I had a cle arer view of b2b.

Bismarck’s Foreign policy was a Success Essay

The balance of power in Europe had been abruptly altered by and by the German victory everyplace France in 1871. The concomitant German empire, with its large population great economic power, strong ground forces and extensive resources, looked clear to be an important factor in multinational relations. However, even for capital of North Dakota this looked set to be a challenge, due to the indigence not single when to establish the Empire as a nation, just to also found an external security that would prove to be vital throughout his reign as prime minister. Although was this set constitution an oerall victor?capital of North Dakotas main objectives in the proposal of the instituted policies were to isolate France in Europe maintain the balance of peace on the continent especially in the midst of Austria and Russia, who von capital of North Dakota feared would come to blows over the escalating problems in the Balkans as surface as maintaining his secured German terr itory avoid fighting a struggle on devil fronts and the Chancellor also desire, possibly greedily, to have the hold oner and power of ii other powers in Europe as headspring as in Ger legion(predicate). The i cut through for von von capital of North Dakota was to establish a hang on of succeederful policies to achieve these goals and thus substantiate Germany as both(prenominal) the to the highest degree powerful and influential of the broad Powers in Europe.The immediate problem in capital of North Dakotas international relations appeared to be the threat of the naked as a jaybird cut Republic. The government still viewed Bismarcks German Empire with resentment after its defeat, and because the loss of Alsace-Lorraine, to Germany, which for the state not totally meant the loss of valu fitting territory, but also represented the demise of French supremacy in Europe. However, France was in no real state to examine her revenge alone and knew, just as well as Bisma rck, that an attachment was her only hope.Furtherto a greater extent not only did Bismarck need to deal with this to ensure success in his contradictory policy, but he mat up that there was great diplomatic value in being fitted to count both Austria-Hungary and Russia as friends. Yet once again this was not without its difficulties, as the sensitive situation in the Balkans had led to rivalry between the states as to who would eventually gain power in the area after the demise of the Ottoman Empire. This in turn led to the declaration of a series of both lucrative and ineffective policies.In answer to his count for friendship with Austria and Russia to deal with both his desire for friendship with the two Great Powers and aid his plan for the isolation of France, Bismarck met with the state leaders and an symmetry for the Dreikaiserbund ( ternion Emperors League) was set in 1873. Although quite vague, the bill was a short-term success for Bismarck, as it allowed him to isola te France without do suspicion and meant he could avoid qualification a choice between Austria and Russia. The powers had agreed that matters of common interest would be consulted, which was also of great interest to Bismarck as it meant a break a itinerary understanding between the nations had been instituted causing Bismarck to believe that in the field of study of a fight with France he would have the support of Austria and Russia.Further successes for Bismarck in terms of foreign policy were the Dual Alliance of 1879 and the Three Emperors Alliance of 1881. In response to Russias rejection of the Three Emperors League, Bismarck negotiated an alinement with Austria. Such a grouping strengthened both the nations power in the case of a war with Russia, although Austria agreed that in the case of a war with France she would remain neutral, thus resulting in the isolation of France but the financial support of German power.However, although the Chancellor decided it was best ke pt secret from Russia though they did discover the details of the arrangement he did not regard the fusion as a final choice between Austria and Russia. Therefore the confederacy in fact meant more to Austria who had finally escaped the diplomatic isolation she had suffered since the Crimean War. On the other hand, after Russias discovery of the Dual Alliance, and the realisation of her isolation in Europe, she turned back to Germany and the result was a more specific revision of the past Dreikaiserbund. Once more this was palmy for Bismarck in that it isolated France and prevented the situation of having to choose between Austria and Russia.The final of Bismarcks foreign policies also secured successes for the Chancellor. The Triple Alliance of 1882 between Germany, Austria and Italy assure Bismarck that unless a Franco-Russian adhesion was formed then the prospect of war from either nation whilst standing alone could be easily contained. This alliance was, from Bismarcks v iewpoint, aimed directly towards the segregation of France, as he was assured that she could not, and so would not attack Germany single-handedly.However, yet again the Dreikaiserbund was destroyed in 1885 due to further problems in the Balkans, and it became clear that disputes in this area were incredible to ever be fully resolved. This time Bismarck needed to urgently to avoid the prospect of a war on two fronts. This conclude in the Reinsurance Treaty of 1887, which tried to localize the problem by assure Russia that Bismarck would not support Austria in a clash over the Balkans territory. By documenting that in the case of a war between two of the powers that the remaining power would remain neutral, Bismarck succeeded in both preventing a war on two fronts and obtaining the neutrality he desired.Lastly, Bismarcks final foreign policy, the gage Mediterranean Agreement of 1887, was mainly successful for due to the fact that he merely sponsored the act and did not turn invo lved in its negotiations. By encouraging the agreement Bismarck managed to restrain Russia from assuming a provocative position in the Balkans, thus preventing both the possibility of a war between Austria and Russia as well as Bismarck from perhaps having to choose between the two.However, these policies only ensured short-term successes for Germany and perhaps from the failures we can see that some of the long lasting effects of Bismarcks policies were more serious.The first major failure in Bismarcks foreign policy was in his handling of the War in Sight Crisis of 1875 when the French recovery and rearmament provoked Germany into a diplomatic crisis, this then escalated out of control, with the Chancellor prohibiting any trade with France and the papers predicting war. Finally Bismarck himself raised the spectre of war, which resulted in condemnation from Britain and Russia, and the realisation for Bismarck that a war on two fronts remained a possibility and that the other powers were envious of him and would not tolerate a growth in German power. The adventure also failed in that Germany was forced to reassure France war was not a possibility, thus not only failing to isolate France but causing Bismarck great diplomatic humiliation throughout the continent. This is furthermore enjoin that the Three Emperors League failed Bismarck, as it did not give him the support from Russia he had believed would be obtained from such an agreement.Further humiliation for Bismarck came in 1878 in the form of the Congress of Berlin. Russia was forced to choose between a war with Britain or a revision of the proposed San Stefano Treaty concerning the Balkans. Although Germany remained neutral throughout the conference, this resulted in the Dreikaiserbund being dissolved, as Russia had hoped she could rely on Germanys support, which was denied. Russia later unredeemed Bismarck for her diplomatic defeat and referred to the fiasco 1 a compression of the European powers ag ainst Russia under the leadership of Prince Bismarck. Yet this was not the Conferences only failure as Bismarck had also failed to maintain the peace inside Europe, thus making an enemy of Russia, and in the long-run the problems in the Balkans remained unresolved. plot of land successful in some ways for Bismarcks foreign policy, the Three Emperors League was only short-term and failed to secure solutions to the enduring difficulties in the demising Ottoman Empire. This is also similar of the effects of the Triple Alliance, Reinsurance Treaty and Second Mediterranean Agreement, which though too had their success failed to obtain any long-term solutions.The Triple Alliance failed to prevent a war on two fronts from Russia and France, as Italy was not a strong military ally able to match the combined forces of France and Russia, thus leaving Germany in a compromising position. The Reinsurance Treaty was very similar in that it was only short-term as France and Russia did eventually join in the Entente. Bismarck further created himself problems, as the Second Mediterranean Agreement left field him with no alliance to Russia, and so creating possible problems for the future.Finally by the end of Bismarcks blank space in 1890 France still viewed Germany with contempt and searched for revenge, while the situation in the Balkans move to flare as did the tension between Austria and Russia. This leads me to believe that although Bismarcks foreign policy was successful in achieving his main objectives and solving problems in the short-term, all they did for the long-term was to simply delay the problems rather than resolving them. The Chancellor in fact made it difficult to maintain neutrality over the Balkans crisis in the long-term and it could even be said that too many alliances were made in an effort to obtain his goals, that it became too difficult to defy such a documented relationship with the other powers, and that perhaps Bismarck did not leave himself e nough loose ends to play with the policies in the way he saw fit.Conclusively, it was probably an advantage for Bismarck that he left office in 1890, as it left Kaiser William II with the resulting problems to resolve and he was able to leave behind the tangle of long-term problems he had created.Bibliography* The coalition of Germany 1815-90 Andrina Stiles* contest History European Powers 1815-1890PlanIntro Germanys governmental and economic situation in Europe post unification 1871 divide 1 Bismarcks main objectives in foreign policy and immediate problems he faced in Europe i.e. French desired revenge desire to isolate France etcParagraph 2 Success in foreign policy e.g. prevented having to choose between Austria and Russia due to DreikaiserbundParagraph 3 Failures in foreign policy e.g. Congress of Berlin caused breakdown of DreikaiserbundConclusion Was Bismarcks foreign policy a success? NO only solved problems in the short-term and created further problems for the long-term1 Challenging History European Powers 1815-1890

Individual Organizational Structure Paper

Individual Organizational Structure subject MGT/230 July 23, 2012 Todd Lambertson Individual Organizational Structure Paper Facebook is a favorable-networking spot that has a self-colored organization building that is appropriate for their particular product social media. Facebook seems resembling a simple site that does not require a structure to operate. Twitter works in the same way unless is only set up for chatting finished posts, or as it is called tweets. Tweets atomic number 18 text-based quotes of up to 140 characters and argon posted on the rolers profile page (Shetty, 2010). Users squeeze out also send pictures and videos through Twitpics and former(a) sources (Oleary, 2011).Millions of people use Facebook and organizations use them to advertise and to promote their services. Facebook is set up where users befuddle friends who can see each other users posts. They also can tag pictures, providing information on who is in a particular picture (Oleary, 2011). Face book launched in 2004, and is now the most popular social-networking site. This strong organization structure has allowed Facebook to grow and continue to be strong in a competitive marketplace where the product is your personal life. Facebook has developed their organisational structure to become one of the most used social-networking sites in the world.This develop was previously held by MySpace. MySpace was used by individuals to chat with each other, prepare music playlists, and to post pictures and other personal information. Businesses never adapted to MySpace interchangeable they have with Facebook. Companies have found that it is more worthwhile to advertise with Facebook. Facebook recognize that to stay in employment and be profitable it would need senior high traffic on the site and many top advertisers. Once businesses could take advantage of this new web tool, they learned quickly how helpful it was to them. Users can befriend or follow organizations that they ar e implicated in.The organizations can use this platform to promote a product, service, or stock-still a make water. It is simple, prospering to use, and effective. Facebook has developed games and applications to entertain a person while they are online. fleck a person is logged into Facebook a user can change their status, strike off on a friends status, post pictures or even post on their friends wall. Facebook is the most popular social-networking site that has developed a business structure that sustains their organization. Facebook has many organizational functions that support the contrastive responsibilities from within the organization.Facebook is set up for huge amounts of marketing through the use of advertising, and Twitter allows individual organizations to post tweets to keep followers interested in them. Through games, Facebook makes money by asking users to ease up for various parts of the game. Anyone who has played Farmville or other games similar to it wi ll enjoin that these games are addicting. When playing these games users can purchase items in the marketplace with coins that they gravel from playing that game whether it is from planting crops, harvesting them, crafting items, or harvesting their animals that they have placed on their kick upstairss.There are also items in the marketplace that takes currency to buy. In Farmville it is called farm hard cash, and in order to get farm cash the person has to either buy a card from a section store like Wal-Mart or Target, or they can charge the fees to their extension cards. The amount of farm cash you can buy is low as $10 and a high of $100. The $10 dollars buys that person $55 farm cash, and the $100 dollars buys $250 farm cash. Facebook has many ways to make money and swear their financial stability they can constantly try many different things.Because Facebook has a huge amount of daily traffic, organizations are willing to pay to advertise with them. Facebook uses a hori zontal and functional organization. They are set up in a way that an employee on the organization chart has a particular set of responsibilities and skills. These responsibilities and skills are unique to a specific job they are specialized. A functional organization has specialized departments, and they are group according to their business functions or particular skills that each function requires (Bateman & Snell, 2011).Facebook is a strong organization, and it will remain that way for years to come. Companies and organizations from all over the world will continue to use them to promote their ideas, products, or anything else that they urgency to make known. Dell and Best Buy are focusing their simple efforts on the marketing and their service through social media (Oleary, 2011). There is an prosperous way to follow charts between each operation. This allows for less confusion and exculpated channels of authority. Without this, parture is inevitable. While one department is responsible for monitor he IT (information technology), and another department is responsible for the web content. The same goes for marketing, forgiving resources, and other similar aspects of the business. Every department is specialized and functions effectively this way. Without the fit structure, information can get confused and the responsibilities get unclear. This will pass water total chaos and in the end will cause the website to fail or collapse. For a business to be successful, it has to have an effective organizational structure. A basic organization structure gives any business education which that allows it to function at its fullest potential.One of the first steps in starting up a business is to create a basic organization structure and to have it show all the departments, what their functions are, and who will be running it (Shetty, 2010). A functional organization is the proper structure for Facebook because of the different type of business they are. If r esponsibilities in the departments were not properly defined or organized, it can cause them to be less functional and less effective at social-networking. Social-networking sites are here to stay and Facebook is leading the way. They have learned from other social-networking sites like MySpace.That is what it takes to create huge traffic and attract many and different advertisers. By creating an effective organizational structure, they can remain successful and have pocketable or limited internal issues. References Bateman, T. S. , Snell, S. A. (2011). Management Leading collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Irwin. OLeary, D. E. (2011). The use of social media in the supply chain survey and extensions. , 18(2/3), p121-144. Shetty, N. (2010). Organizational structures. Retrieved from http//www. managementparadise. com/forums/human-resources-management-h-r/215152-organizational-structure. html

American Indians Essay

The mess forthwith known as Indians or Native the Statesns were the show meter volume to live in the Americas. They had been living there for thousands of years before each Europeans arrived. The Vikings explored the east coast of labor union America around A. D. 1000 and had round contact with Indians (Watson & Howell 1980). hardly lasting contact between Indians and Europeans began with Christopher capital of Ohios voyages to the Americas. In 1492, Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was pursuance a short sea route to the Indies, which then include India, China, the eastward Indies, and Japan.Europeans did non then know that north east and second America existed. When Columbus landed in what is now known as the tungsten Indies, he did not realize he had come to a New World. He thought he had reached the Indies, and so he called the people he met Indians. close every Indian company had its own name. many another(prenominal) of these names reflec ted the compli custodyt of each group in itself and its way of vivification. For example, the Delawargon Indians of eastern North America called themselves Lenape, which elbow room genuine people. Today, many Indians refer to themselves as Native Americans.The first Indians came to the New World from Siberia, in Asia. Most scientists think they arrived at to the lowest degree 15,000 years ago. At that time huge ice sheets c all overed very much of the northern half of the earth. The Bering Strait, which today is a narrow area of weewee that separates Asia and North America, was easily walked across by the Indians who were following the animals that they were hunting. Much afterwards this ice sheet melted and the land bridge became covered with water. By then, Indian groups had al restore spread throughout the New World, all over North and reciprocal ohm America.These Indian groups developed diverse cultures because of the antithetical climates and landforms in the regions in which they settled. Body Anthropologists, scientists who study human culture, classify the hundreds of North and randomness American Indian tribes into groups of tribes that are alike. These groups are called culture areas. Some of the cultures of North America are the Arctic the nor-east, or east Woodlands the Plains and southwesterlywest. The Indians spoke hundreds of unalike languages and had many different slipway of life. Some groups lived in slap-up cities and others in petty(a) villages.The Aztec and the Maya of Central America make coarse cities. Some of the Aztec cities had as many as 100,000 people. The Maya built special buildings in which they studied the moon, the stars, and the sun. They as well developed a calendar and a system of writing. Many of the Indians of Eastern North America lived in villages. They hunt and farmed, growing such crops as beans, corns and squash (Bains, 1985). Most of the Indians were friendly at first and taught the bran- in the rawcomers many things. The European explorers followed Indian trails to sources of water and deposits of copper, gold, silver, turquoise, and other minerals.The Indians taught them to achieve snowshoes and sleds and to travel by canoe. nutriment was another of the Indians important gifts. The Indians grew many nutrients that the newcomers had never heard of, such as avocados, corn, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, squash, and tomatoes. They excessively introduced the exsanguinouss to tobacco. The Indians, in turn, learned much from the whites. The Europeans brought many goods that were new to the Indians. These goods included metal tools, guns, and liquor. The Europeans also brought cattle and horses, which were unknown to the Indians.The Europeans and the Indians had widely different ways of life. Some Europeans tried to understand the Indians ways and treated them fairly. alone others cheated the Indians and took their land. When the Indians fought blanket, thousands of them were killed in battle. At first, they had only bows and arrows and spears, but the Europeans had guns. Even more Indians died from measles, thinpox, and other new diseases introduced by the whites. As the Europeans locomote westward across North America, they became a greater threat to the Indian way of life. Finally, most of the remaining Indians were moved onto reservations.Most daily activities of an Indian family centered on providing the main necessities of life such as food, garments, and shelter. Men and women usually had separate tasks. For example, both men and women were oft involved in providing food. But they did so in different ways. In some areas, the women draw up together wild plants for food, and the men capture. In the Northeast and Southeast culture areas, the men hunted, and the women farmed the land. In parts of what are now Arizona and New Mexico and in Middle and South America, the men did the farming. The women gathered plants.In all areas, w omen were generally responsible for preparing the food. Many Indians married at an early age, the girls between 13 and 15 and the boys between 15 and 20. In some Indian tribes, the parents or other relatives chose the marriage partners for the young people. In other tribes, especially those of North America, a young man could contain his own mate. He had to convince the girl and her parents that he would make a suitable economise. In many cases, he offered them valuable gifts to win their approval. throughout most of the New World, marriage was a family affair and not a religious ceremony.The boys family usually gave presents to the brides family. Many freshly married couples lived with the girls family and the husband worked for her family until the acquit of a child. so the couple might establish their own home. But they generally did not move to a new home in a new area. Many other newly married couples joined an existing family group or lived close to one. Some of the coupl es moved in with other relatives of the woman or with the relatives of the man. This extended family shared with the daily work of the household, including the raising of children.Many Indian groups allowed men to have more than one wife. But this commit was viridity only among rich or powerful men. After a man died, his wife would often live with his brother as husband and wife even if the brother was already married. Similarly, if a woman died, her family would plausibly be expected to give her husband another unmarried daughter to replace her. Most Indian families were small because many children died at birth or as babies. Indian children were praised when they behaved well and shamed when they misbehaved. Only the Aztec and Inca tribes had fix schools.Boys and girls of other tribes learned to perform mens and womens jobs by helping their parents and older brothers and sisters. After most boys reached their early teens, they went through a test of strength or bravery calle d an initiation ceremony. Many went without food for a long period or lived alone in the wilderness. In some tribes, a boy was expected to have a slew of the spirit that would become his lifelong guardian. Some groups also had initiation ceremonies for girls. A teenager who successfully completed an initiation ceremony was considered an adult and ready to be married. Food that Indians ate depended on where they lived.Indian tribes that lived on the plains of the fall in States, where buffalo and other feisty were plentiful, ate mainly meat. Meat was also the principal food of those Indians who inhabited the woodlands and tundra (frigid treeless plain) of Alaska and Canada. The Pueblo of the Southwest and other farming groups lived chiefly on beans, corn, and squash. Potatoes were an important crop among the Inca. MacNeish (1992) stated that Indians in the tropical areas of South America make bread from the roots of bitter cassava, a small shrub. Tribes that lived near water caug ht fish and gathered shellfish.Most Indian groups ate berries, nuts, roots, seeds, and wild plants. They also gathered salt and collected maple use up wherever they could. Indians do a kind of tea from such plants as sassafras and wintergreen. Many Indians drank a mild beer that was known as chicha. They made this beer from corn, cassava, peanuts, or potatoes. Indians who ate mostly meat cooked it by roasting, broiling, or boiling. res publica Indians and others who ate chiefly vegetables developed various methods of boiling or baking. They often made pit ovens by lining holes in the ground with baking stones. Indians preserved meat by smoking it or by drying it in the sun.North American Indians mixed dried meat with grease and berries to make a food called pemmican. Most Indians ate with their fingers, but some use spoons made from animal bones, shells, or wood. Indians built many kinds of homes because they lived in different climates and had different building materials avail able to them (Brandt & Guzzi, 1985). Those who moved about a great deal had simple shelters they could carry easily, or they built temporary shelters. Indians who stayed in one place built larger, more permanent homes. Some groups built large houses where many families lived together.Others had simple dwellings that ho apply only a few people. In some cases, shelter changed with the season. Some Indians in Canada built snow houses during the winter. But in the summer, they lived in tents made of animal hides. In the United States, these Indians are sometimes called Eskimos. In other areas, the Indians covered their tepees with animal skins or with tree bark. Indians at the southern tip of South America also used skins to cover shelters called windbreaks, which were open on one side. Some tribes of the Northwest made cloth of bark and reeds, and the Pueblo wove cotton cloth.The Aztec, Inca, Maya, and some Caribbean tribes wove beautiful cotton and wool cloth. Indians in the hot Sout h American areas often wore no clothing at all. In many tribes, a man wore only a breechcloth, a narrow band of cloth that passed between the legs and looped over the crusade and rear of a belt. Women wore simple aprons or skirts. Indians in colder climates wore leggings, shirts, and robes. Some wore sandals or moccasins to protect their feet. Travel by water was the most common means of transportation. Many Indians used bark canoes, which were light and easy to carry.Some large dugout canoes carried as many as 60 people. The Plains tribes used dogs and, later, horses to pull a load-carrying frame called a travois. Andean Indians used alpacas and llamas as beasts of burden. But these animals could not carry heavy loads, so the people themselves carried most of their goods. tribe often supported a heavy load on their back with a pack strap called a tumpline. Indians of the Arctic and the Northwest sloping trough and some other areas hunted or fished for most of their food. They al so hunted some birds only for the feathers, and they prized the fur of beavers and certain other animals.Indians in the West got most of their food by gathering wild seeds, nuts, and roots. Even in the Southwest and other farming areas, hunting, gathering, and fishing were important. The most important game animals of North and South America included deer rabbits and other small game ducks, geese, herons, seals, sea lions, whales, turtles, and snakes. Bear, buffalo, caribou, elk, and moose lived only in North America. Animals that were hunted mainly in South America included the guanaco, jaguar, peccary, rhea, and tapir. Indians hunted with the very(prenominal) kinds of weapons they used in war.Many bows and arrows, spears, and niners had special features for hunting. For example, some Indians used dull arrows to shoot birds in trees. These arrows stunned the birds so that they fell to the ground. The Hopi stunned small game with a kind of boomerang. The Indians caught fish with harpoons, hooks and lines, spears, and traps and nets. Tribes of the Northwest bound also used long poles called herring rakes. These poles had jagged points and could catch a number of herring at one time. In tropical South America, Indians stood on river sand bars and shot fish with bows and arrows.Both North and South American Indians used drugs to catch fish. In one method, Indians jazz up certain plants and threw them in the water. These plants stunned the fish. Then the Indians could easily scoop out them out of the water. Indians of the Northeast and the Tropical Forest used slash-and-burn farming methods. They cut down a number of trees and ruin them. Then they planted their crops among the trunks. The ashes from the burned trees served as fertilizer. Indians in Mexico and the Southern United States raised turkeys. Wars occurred from time to time among the tribes of the Americas. But not all tribes took part in warfare.Many tribes conflicting fighting, and others were s o small that they did not have enough warriors to fight a war. Many of the Indian leaders who tried to defend their tribes and land against the white people became famous warriors. They included King Philip, a Wampanoag Pontiac, an Ottawa Tecumseh, a Shawnee Osceola, a Seminole Crazy Horse, of the Sioux and Geronimo, an Apache. The bow and arrow was probably the most common Indian weapon throughout North and South America. Some South American tribes put poison on their arrowheads. Many Indians fought with spears and war clubs (Steele & Galdone 1992).The Indians of eastern North America developed a special type of club known as the tomahawk. A weapon of the Aztec consisted of pieces of obsidian (volcanic glass) stuck into a wooden club. South American Indians used blowguns and slings. Warfare gave Indians a chance to achieve noble rank in their tribes. On the Plains, it was considered braver to touch a live opponent and get away than to kill the enemy. This act was known as determ ine coup koo. Warriors on the Plains carried a coup stick into battle and attempt to touch an enemy with it. Those warriors who counted coup wore eagle feathers as signs of their courage.