Management Information System Essay -- Computers Business Information

It deals with planning for, development, management, and use of information technology tools to garter people consummate all tasks related to information processing and management. In the above definition you can harness the three key resources-information, information technology, and people. You will also find various functions that you as a knowledge worker must undertake to ensure that your origination maximizes its advantages. It doesnt matter if you are preparing to work in the area of finance, tender resource management, logistics, marketing or even information technology, you will still have responsibilities that include planning for, developing, managing and using MIS function with in your area of expertise. precaution information system challengeMany people believe that information technology is the key resource in MIS. Indeed information technology is critically important set of tools for working with information and supporting the information information-processing ne eds of your organization. But IT is not a panacea. We have to realize that the success of IT as a set of tools in your organization depends on care full planning for, development, management, and use of IT with the two other key business resources-people and information. And thats what MIS is about -planning for, developing, managing, and using IT tools to help people work with information. There are three aspects of THE MIS challenge, includingWhat businesses do?Customer moment of value.The role of information technology What businesses do?In a nutshell, businesses serve their customers. And it really doesnt matter whether you own a business that are employed by an organization that provides telecommunications services arou... ...ible of capturing information, creating new information and cradling these information and transaction in a data base. TPSs also have secondary responsibilities that include conveying information to users. TPS performs the following functionsCapture info rmation concerning the orderCreates new information such(prenominal) as the total purchase and applicable tax.Convey that information to the order-entry specialist.Cradles or stores the information.Customer Integrated systemA CIS is an extension of a TPS that places technology in the hands of an organizations customers and allows them to process their own transactions. ATMs are perhaps the most common example of a CIS. ATMs provide you with the ability to do your own banking anywhere at any time. ATMS actually do nothing new but they give you greater flexibility in accessing and using your money.

Diamonds Are My Best Friend Essay -- essays research papers

&8220It is designed to break your heart. The game begins in spring, when everything else begins again. And it blossoms in the summer, filling the afternoons and evenings. And then as soon as the chill rains come, it stops and leaves you to face the fall alone. A. Bartlett Giamatti, the boder commissioner of Major League baseball.From the lush, green grass to the smell of an old welt glove, baseball is truly an extraordinary game. Let us look beyond the enormous salaries and free agency and examine baseball for what it really is an outstanding form of entertain manpowert. Baseball is incredibly important to me, as not only have I learned an enormous amount from it, I have experienced a whole spectrum of emotions during my love affair with the game. I have been a baseball fan all my life. I remember reflexion my beloved St. Louis Cardinals play in their robin&8217s egg blue uniforms in the early 1980&8217s. We had a birdfeeder in our backyard, and every morning, the same cardinal w ould stop for his breakfast. I named him Tommy Herr, after the Cardinals spot baseman at the time. Tommy has long since retired, but I allow for always remember the little bird flying in my backyard. It is difficult for one to approach this athletic field without a sense of heroism and romanticism of it&8217s rich history. One of my favorite parts of going to the ballpark is listening to the fascinating stories of old timers, the men who have loved the game since childhood. They remember Musial, Maris, and Mantle. They can tell you stories of hearing Hank Aaron hitting his record breaking home run on the radio, or watching Lou Gehrig as a young child. Many of the greatest baseball stories can be heard from these men, living encyclopedias if what the game once was, and it today. Someday I will be sitting in the box seats of a ballpark, and a young child will take the seat beside me. I can imprisoned his imagination with anecdotes of Cal Ripken Jr.&8217s remarkable streak, Ozzie S mith&8217s amazing back flips, Pedro Martinez&8217s menacing fastball, and the magical summer of 1998 when Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire mystified the orb with their long ball heroics.Only in recent grades have I begun to truly appreciate the game for what it really is. While some go to the ballpark to see home runs, popular players, or fireworks, I find myself attracted to th... ... that next year, it will all begin again. A fresh new start. A brand new season.However, right now, it is fall. A pitcher grabs a coat to keep his throwing arm warm in this chilly rain, and soon the entire bunker is seen donning coats. The leaves start to change to brown. Kids go back to school. Football begins to creep onto the minds and lips of sports fans. The season comes to a close, and the spring looks terribly far away with an icy cold overwinter between now and the promises that lie ahead.Baseball has survived throughout the years. It has survived two World Wars. It has survived a depression. It will continue to survive throughout the next millennium. It has gone on strike and saw half it&8217s fans leave, then watched them come back to see truly great men exhibit even greater talent. Baseball is a sport for the ages. Eighty year old men who have watched this game for years come to the park and sit next to eight year old boyswho have never seen a professional game in their lives. That&8217s what baseball is all about. It is extraordinary. Athletes rise above the compitition and achieve greatness plot of land astonishing veteran fans and simultaneously earning new ones.

Cival War Weapons :: essays research papers fc

Civil War WeaponsOne weapon used in the Civil War is a Sharps Carbine. It was developed primarily for Calvary, because of the shorter barrel. They were much easier to track on horse back than their longer brother the Breech-Loader. Sharps were preferred because they could be oppressed on a moving horse, aboutthing virtually impossible with a Muzzle-Loader. Also, Breech-Loaders carbine which open fire moisture proof metallic cartridges, where more reliable than rifles that fired account cartridges. As I said be fore it is easier to load a Sharps than a Muzzle-Loader. A Muzzle-Loader took 9 long hard steps just to fire one shot. Even the most skilled solder could only get tether rounds off in a minute on the old Civil War Muzzle-Loader. And No wonder. After each shot you have to (1) steady the zep on the ground take out a new cartridge out of a belt pouch. (2) Tear open a piece of paper with your teeth. (3) Empty the powder in the barrel and insert a type slug in to the muzzle . (4) Draw the long rummer out of its carrying groove under the barrel. (5) ram the bullet all the way down. (6) Return the rod back to its groove. (7) Lift the weapon half-cocked the hammer. (8) Fully cock the hammer, aim, and finally,(9) fire.At the beginning of the war Southern Calvary was arm as well, if not better than the Northern counterpart. Carbines were in short supply in both armies. The rebels favorite weapon was a sawed off shotgun loaded with Buckshot. A farmland weapon.Saber a sword was only the Calvary and generally in the beginning of the war were used regularly and to their full design Saber became marks of ranking later years and were abandoned in favor of efficient weapons. Canister is the weapon that killed the most soldiers in the war. Canister rounds ar a artillery, fired from a canon, are a thinned walled metal cylinder packed with musket balls, or large lead or iron balls, and sawdust, some canisters that were found were packed with nails, pieces of hinges , and other scrap metal.

The Pain of the Okies Exposed in The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- Grapes W

The Pain of the Okies Exposed in The Grapes of Wrath The Dust bowl was an ecological and human disaster in the southwest Great Plains regions of the United States in the 1930s. The argonas affected were Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. The poor handling of the land and years of drought caused this great disaster (Jones floor). During this time the Okies--a happen upon given to the migrants that traveled from Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, or anywhere in the Southwest or the northern plains to California--encountered many hardships. These hardships are brilliantly shown in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. Scholars agree, The most definitive fact about the dust storms was not scientific but human their tragic effect upon sight seeking livelihood on the stricken midwestern farms (French 4). Steinbeck believed society was inhumane to the Okies and through his legend we can account for how the Okies were treated. By looking at Steinbecks own personal background and inf ormation from historical commentaries we are better able to grasp his think for writing the novel because he understood what it was like to grow up as a farmer, and an outsider. More importantly, however, we are able to share in his forbearance for the Okies. To fully understand Steinbecks reasoning for writing the novel it is important to look at his family and where he grew up. John Ernst Steinbeck was born(p) on February 27, 1902, in Salinas California. His parents were middle-class people who played many roles in the community and cultural life. His father worked as a manager of a flourmill, and his breed taught in a one-room rural civilise (Swisher 13). As a child John Steinbeck was shy, and kids often teased him ... ...tions. Reading this book can help us comprehend how close their present is to our past. scarper Cited French, Warren, ed. A Companion to The Grapes of Wrath. New Jersy Augustus M. Kelley, 1972. Hinton, Rebecca. Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. E xplicator 56 (1990). 11 Sept. 2000<http//ehostvgw1.ep...20%22%Grapes%20of%220Wrath%22%20&fuzzyTerm=> Jones, Andrew. Charity of the Poor. Analysis of The Grapes of Wrath. N.D. Accessed 7 Sept. 2000 <http//www.ultranet.com/gregjonz/grapes/irony.htm> Jones, Andrew. History of the Dust Bowl. Background History for The Grapes of Wrath. N.D. Accessed 7 Sept. 2000<http///www.ultranet.com/gregjonz/Dust/dustbowl.html> Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Viking, 1967. Swisher, Clarice,ed. Readings on John Steinbeck. San Diego Greenhaven, 1996. The Pain of the Okies Exposed in The Grapes of Wrath Essay -- Grapes WThe Pain of the Okies Exposed in The Grapes of Wrath The Dust bowl was an ecological and human disaster in the Southwestern Great Plains regions of the United States in the 1930s. The areas affected were Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. The poor handling of the land and years of drought caused this great disaster (Jones History ). During this time the Okies--a name given to the migrants that traveled from Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, or anywhere in the Southwest or the northern plains to California--encountered many hardships. These hardships are brilliantly shown in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. Scholars agree, The most important fact about the dust storms was not scientific but human their tragic effect upon people seeking livelihood on the stricken Midwestern farms (French 4). Steinbeck believed society was inhumane to the Okies and through his novel we can account for how the Okies were treated. By looking at Steinbecks own personal background and information from historical commentaries we are better able to grasp his reasoning for writing the novel because he understood what it was like to grow up as a farmer, and an outsider. More importantly, however, we are able to share in his compassion for the Okies. To fully understand Steinbecks reasoning for writing the novel it is important to look at his family and where he grew up. John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas California. His parents were middle-class people who played many roles in the community and cultural life. His father worked as a manager of a flourmill, and his mother taught in a one-room rural school (Swisher 13). As a child John Steinbeck was shy, and kids often teased him ... ...tions. Reading this book can help us comprehend how close their present is to our past. Work Cited French, Warren, ed. A Companion to The Grapes of Wrath. New Jersy Augustus M. Kelley, 1972. Hinton, Rebecca. Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. Explicator 56 (1990). 11 Sept. 2000<http//ehostvgw1.ep...20%22%Grapes%20of%220Wrath%22%20&fuzzyTerm=> Jones, Andrew. Charity of the Poor. Analysis of The Grapes of Wrath. N.D. Accessed 7 Sept. 2000 <http//www.ultranet.com/gregjonz/grapes/irony.htm> Jones, Andrew. History of the Dust Bowl. Background History for The Grapes of Wrath. N.D. Accessed 7 Sept. 2000<http///www.ultranet.com/gregjonz/Dust/dustbowl.html> Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York Viking, 1967. Swisher, Clarice,ed. Readings on John Steinbeck. San Diego Greenhaven, 1996.

Functionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs Essay

Functionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs The struggle on drugs in our shade is a continuous action that is swiftly lessening our parliamentary procedure. This has been going on for well-nigh 10-15 years and has yet to slow down in any way. Drugs put out to be a problem for the obvious reason that genuine people cry them in a way that can lead to ultimate victimize on much(prenominal) a person. These drugs do not just consist of passage drugs (marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy), but prescription medications as well. Although there argon just about instances where drugs are being used by subjects excessively, there has been medical research to rise up that some of these drugs have made a successful impact on certain disorders and diseases.One of the most obvious reasons why drugs are still around is because it is such a profitable business. In our society, marijuana, cocaine, xanax, and ecstasy are convenient and promptly available to purchase alm ost anyplace you go. Those who sell drugs can make anywhere from five hundred to three thousand dollars a day. This income is tax-free and requires minuscule to no labor efforts whatsoever. Those involved in this lucrative trade are fetching somewhat of a risk, but because dealing drugs is so common in our society the chances of getting caught arent as high as expected. Drug trafficking unaccompanied serves for about 40 percent of all organized crime body process with this number increasing everyday as drugs become more and more popular. With the delivery being so bad most find it easy to beat to selling drugs as an acceptable mean of income.Although drugs are used in an abominable aspect for the most part, there are accounts of medical research to prove the positive effects on some patients with long-term diseas... ...f actual reality. They are no longer able to face day to day activities without having that drug in their life. Many factors contribute to the reasons why drug use still exists in the States today. It provides needed job titles, it is an on going process for medical research, and acts as a contribution to help certain people in their own face-to-face ways. Drugs have been around for nearly two decades and as the years progress, the war on drugs seems as if it has no intensions of slowing down. This problem will only insure to intensify in an inferior situation. In using both the functionalist and interactionist perspectives, some(prenominal) imperfections such as addiction and the fact that people use drugs in dirty ways are identified. Ultimately, it is only us as a society as a whole who can take the responsibility and can smorgasbord this issue for better or for worse. Functionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs probeFunctionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs The war on drugs in our culture is a continuous action that is swiftly lessening our society. Th is has been going on for roughly 10-15 years and has yet to slow down in any way. Drugs continue to be a problem for the obvious reason that certain people abuse them in a way that can lead to ultimate harm on such a person. These drugs do not just consist of street drugs (marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy), but prescription medications as well. Although there are some instances where drugs are being used by subjects excessively, there has been medical research to prove that some of these drugs have made a successful impact on certain disorders and diseases.One of the most obvious reasons why drugs are still around is because it is such a profitable business. In our society, marijuana, cocaine, xanax, and ecstasy are convenient and readily available to purchase almost anywhere you go. Those who sell drugs can make anywhere from five hundred to three thousand dollars a day. This income is tax-free and requires little to no labor efforts whatsoever. Those involved in this lucrative t rade are taking somewhat of a risk, but because dealing drugs is so common in our society the chances of getting caught arent as high as expected. Drug trafficking alone serves for about 40 percent of all organized crime activity with this number increasing everyday as drugs become more and more popular. With the economy being so bad most find it easy to turn to selling drugs as an acceptable mean of income.Although drugs are used in an illegal aspect for the most part, there are accounts of medical research to prove the positive effects on some patients with long-term diseas... ...f actual reality. They are no longer able to face day to day activities without having that drug in their life. Many factors contribute to the reasons why drug use still exists in America today. It provides needed job titles, it is an on going process for medical research, and acts as a contribution to help certain people in their own personal ways. Drugs have been around for nearly two decades and as the years progress, the war on drugs seems as if it has no intensions of slowing down. This problem will only continue to intensify in an inferior situation. In using both the functionalist and interactionist perspectives, several imperfections such as addiction and the fact that people use drugs in illegal ways are identified. Ultimately, it is only us as a society as a whole who can take the responsibility and can change this issue for better or for worse.

Functionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs Essay

Functionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on outlaw(prenominal) do drugss The war on do drugss in our culture is a continuous action that is swiftly lessening our society. This has been going on for roughly 10-15 geezerhood and has yet to slow d confess in whatever way. Drugs continue to be a problem for the obvious reason that certain quite a little abuse them in a way that support lead to net harm on such a person. These drugs do not just lie in of street drugs (marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy), but prescription medications as well. Although there atomic number 18 somewhat instances where drugs atomic number 18 being used by subjects excessively, there has been medical investigate to arise that some of these drugs have made a successful impact on certain disorders and diseases.One of the most obvious reasons why drugs are still roughly is because it is such a profitable business. In our society, marijuana, cocaine, xanax, and ecstasy are satisfactory and rea dily available to purchase almost anywhere you go. Those who sell drugs can adjudge anywhere from five hundred to three thousand dollars a day. This income is nontaxable and requires little to no labor efforts whatsoever. Those involved in this lucrative trade are taking somewhat of a risk, but because dealing drugs is so vulgar in our society the chances of getting caught arent as high as expected. Drug trafficking alone serves for about 40 percent of all organized detestation activity with this number increasing everyday as drugs become more and more popular. With the economy being so bad most find it roaring to turn to selling drugs as an acceptable mean of income.Although drugs are used in an illegal aspect for the most part, there are accounts of medical research to prove the positive effects on some patients with long-term diseas... ...f actual reality. They are no longer able to face day to day activities without having that drug in their life. Many factors cont ribute to the reasons why drug use still exists in America today. It provides needed job titles, it is an on going process for medical research, and acts as a contribution to help certain people in their own personal ways. Drugs have been around for nearly two decades and as the years progress, the war on drugs seems as if it has no intensions of slowing down. This problem will further continue to intensify in an inferior situation. In using twain the functionalist and interactionist perspectives, several imperfections such as addiction and the fact that people use drugs in illegal ways are identified. Ultimately, it is only us as a society as a whole who can take the responsibility and can change this issue for better or for worse. Functionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs EssayFunctionalist and Interactionalist Perspective on Illegal Drugs The war on drugs in our culture is a continuous action that is swiftly lessening our society . This has been going on for roughly 10-15 years and has yet to slow down in any way. Drugs continue to be a problem for the obvious reason that certain people abuse them in a way that can lead to ultimate harm on such a person. These drugs do not just consist of street drugs (marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy), but prescription medications as well. Although there are some instances where drugs are being used by subjects excessively, there has been medical research to prove that some of these drugs have made a successful impact on certain disorders and diseases.One of the most obvious reasons why drugs are still around is because it is such a profitable business. In our society, marijuana, cocaine, xanax, and ecstasy are convenient and readily available to purchase almost anywhere you go. Those who sell drugs can make anywhere from five hundred to three thousand dollars a day. This income is tax-free and requires little to no labor efforts whatsoever. Those involved in this lucrat ive trade are taking somewhat of a risk, but because dealing drugs is so common in our society the chances of getting caught arent as high as expected. Drug trafficking alone serves for about 40 percent of all organized crime activity with this number increasing everyday as drugs become more and more popular. With the economy being so bad most find it easy to turn to selling drugs as an acceptable mean of income.Although drugs are used in an illegal aspect for the most part, there are accounts of medical research to prove the positive effects on some patients with long-term diseas... ...f actual reality. They are no longer able to face day to day activities without having that drug in their life. Many factors contribute to the reasons why drug use still exists in America today. It provides needed job titles, it is an on going process for medical research, and acts as a contribution to help certain people in their own personal ways. Drugs have been around for nearly two decade s and as the years progress, the war on drugs seems as if it has no intensions of slowing down. This problem will only continue to intensify in an inferior situation. In using both the functionalist and interactionist perspectives, several imperfections such as addiction and the fact that people use drugs in illegal ways are identified. Ultimately, it is only us as a society as a whole who can take the responsibility and can change this issue for better or for worse.

The LEGO History

Today we will be talking ab off(predicate) how the Lego company has started out and how it has gotten this far. posterior in 1891 I dont think anyone would have thought it would be what it is today. We will be going back to the day that it started and getting in depth about what happened and how the group has grown to be this big today and what the machines are that the legos go threw.We will be getting into the history that most people dont know and discovery it. The prices of original legos will be shown, the average cost of each lego produced and how much money they make off an average set of legos. The Lego Company begin in the workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen in 1891, the group had a carpenter from Billund, Denmark.Who began qualification wood toys in 1932. In 1934, his company had make their name Lego. In 1947 the Lego group downed their making in wood toys and started to manufacture Legos. Which today is a major company with a net worth of 5.9 billion dollars. The name Leg o is a mixture of deuce Danish words leg and godt, which meant play well. It is their name and ideal.In the past 80 years the company has moved from a small workshop to a massive company producing tons of Legos each day the exact number each day is 36,000 each minute. The average cost of one lego is 10.4 cents. Most of the small sets of lego buildings cost around 8 dollars and the more difficult ones are anywhere between 40 dollars and 70 dollars.The lego company started using plastic after numerous fires happen from the wood and plastic came available after World War Two, so the group decided to analyze it out and got a plastic work injection machine. One of the first toys made with the plastic was a truck that could be taken apart and put back together and the company prepare it big on that one.The plastic point of intersections werent taken serious like the metal or wood ones because the customers where so use to metal and wood that they were scared to try something new but Lego advertised and advertised and their toys where mainly directed toward pre-school kids. they never really hit it big in the beginning, it took time and persistence to get their toys made right.They officially got rid of the wooden blocks after one of their last plants burned down. The lego group had such a great outcome at the end if nineteenth century and still do because they have such a high quality product compared to all the other manufacturing companys for toys. The group started to grow because they made the product safer for the kids, the group made the plastic with non-toxic plastic.The group Lego made it non-toxic because Lego wanted his product to be safe for the little kids handling his toys. In the beginning he started out with around four hundred and fifty workers and it grew over time as Lego grew. Now days the Lego group has around approximately fourteen thousand workers piece wide. I have watched many videos of Lego look backs and every single one I have ever watched I have never seen a negative review

Chichen obesity

Interview Source name of interviewee, date of interview, Method of interview 2. complete research uses interviews, surveys, and other methods to collect info from the real world. 3. A research project typically begins with a comprehensive that considers factors such as the topic, research questions, claim, audience, possible format, possible sources, and a search plan. designer 03 1. logos appeals to logic. Examples, statistics, and research appeal to our need for logic. Logical appeals use evidence to convince a reader of the truth or validity of your claim 2. ruth appeals to emotion.Stories, imagery, and connotative words (words that have additional images and emotions associated with them) appeal to our emotions. These techniques arouse emotions such as anger, fear, joy, sadness, or happiness to own the audience to feel and then to act. 3. ethos appeals to ethics. responsible for(p) research practices and fair use of logic and emotion appeals contribute to the writers credi bility (authority, believability, and trustworthiness), an important element in persuasion, and appeal to our need to trust that the writer is a legitimate and ethical individual.Ethical appeals also appeal tothe audiences character or sense of right and wrong. For items 4 10, see page 4 of 4 in Power, Lesson 3 4. Hasty Generalization is a logical fallacy in which a conclusion is based on insufficient evidence or a audition of people that is too small. This fallacy is often linked to stereotypes and prejudices. 5. Post Hoc is a logical fallacy in which we assume that because B comes after A, A caused B. The Latin translates to after this, therefore, because of this. It is also called false cause. 6.Slippery Slope is a logical fallacy that claims if a spoticular action is taken it will inevitably lead to an unwanted event, which will lead to another undesirable event or series of events. 7. Authority is a logical fallacy that uses an authority who is not an expert on the issue. 8. Popularity is a logical fallacy that claims something is true because most people accept the claim or agree with the position. This fallacy takes advantage of peoples desire to be start of the majority. 9. Fear is a logical fallacy that uses fear to create support for the claim. 10.False Dichotomy is a logical fallacy that identifies only two choices in a situation, one of which is not a viable choice. It is often called either/or reasoning. Power 04 1. pathos words are words that communicate additional emotions, stems, and images. Audiences oppose to these connotative wordssometimes without even knowing itbecause they make us feel something. 2. Propaganda is the use of any technique that attempts to influence the opinions, attitudes, emotions, or actions of a radical to benefit the person, company, or group that created the persuasive material.Types of propaganda 3. name calling , this technique gives names to the individuals, groups, nations, beliefs, or products that the w riter would like to condemn or reject. This ruse causes us to make a judgment out of hate or fear of the element perceived to be bad. 4. Glittering generalities , this technique uses attractive, apealing words to describe any(prenominal) is being premoted. The words sound nice, but they are vague and used for their emotional effect. This device conveys the idea that good people will accept idea or product x because it is good. 5. transfer , this technique transfers the authority or reputation of someone or something to the thing being premoted. Transfer can cause the audience to have positive or negative feelings 6. Testimonial, this device prompts us to accept an idea or product because someone else accepts it. 7. Bandwagon, this device says, Everyone is doing, buying, or accept x, and so should you. 8. Plain folk this technique attempts to convince audiences that the person being portrayed is an average citizen or the idea is what a regular person believes. 9.Card stacker this device selectively presents information that is favorable or omits information that is unfavorable for persuading the audience. Power 05 1. An appeal to credibility relates to the audiences perception of the credibility of the writer, company, lawyer, or artist using the appeal. 2. Libel, slander, secure infringement, and ethos are all writing practices that could affect the ethical appeal of a writer. 3. Define the word plagiarism not your work 4. Using someones exact words from a source while giving credit to the source is termed copy write 5.Using information from a source but lay the information in your own words is termed paraphrasing. (T ) You must still give credit to a source when you paraphrase the source. 6. Reference correspond to entries on the full treatment Cited page they tell our readers enough information so that they can locate the source on the Works Cited page. 7. slander is a method of citing sources within a text by putting the main identifying source info rmation in parentheses at the end of a sentence. (Parenthetical Citations) 8. False Major whole works such as books, movies, and newspapers should be ut in italics or underlined while smaller works such as poems and short stories should be put in quotations. 9. Sources from a works cited list should be in alphabetical order. Power 06 1. List ten quality transition words from page 3 of Lesson 6 consequently because furthermore in the same way moreover also clearly then additionally and in addition 2. theme is the sentence that states the main idea or point of that paragraph. Betrayal In this module sstudents will use Shakespeares Julius Caesar to analyze themes of betrayal.Shakespeare can be difficult for any student, especially sstudents that have never read any Shakespeare before. Sstudents can and should use Sparknotes as a resource. There will be links to Sparknotes and videos tthroughout the lesson. Please dont hesitate to get through your instructor for help. Betrayal 01 1. Shakespeares Julius Caesar is about the aassassination of Julius Caesar and the story of betrayal by Brutus. 2. setting refers to the time, place, and culture in which a story is set. 3. Shakespeares theatre was called the pitt 4. At the opening of the play Caesar is returning from victory in battle.He has just defeated another Roman General named Cassius 5. Why are Modulus and Flavius so upset with the commoners in Act I, Scene 1? Because he wouldnt let them fight Betrayal 02 1. It is important to know at this point in the play that Brutus does not know whether to support Caesar or to go against him. 2. In Act II, Brutus agrees to kill caesar but he will not kill his parther as a part of Cassius plan. 3. What is Calpurnias dream about? Julius Caesar dying Betrayal 03 1. Will he kill a friend to save an empire? Yes Betrayal 04 1. Who said, Et tu, Brute then fall, Caesar. Julius Caesar 2.

American Intervention in Soviet-Afghan War Essay

During the Cold War, the United States resolved to take a shot at the Soviet Union by siding with Afghanistaniistan and taking dandy measures to stop Soviet influence and communist ideology. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to expand its influence in the Middle East with the absence seizure of American influence. At this point in the Cold War the United States and Soviet Union were more or less at the climax of their dilemma, so the U. S. therefore decided to get refer by fortifying Afghans primary rebellious group, the mujahidin.The United States jeopardized homeland security by providing significant game to mujahidin revolutionaries, and in doing so the U. S. helped them hinder Soviet rule over Afghanistan. There are plenty of reasons ratifying Americas lack of foresight and prudence, oneness being that the state of the Soviet Union was not great as it was. One should take into consideration that the Soviet Union was already in a drastic decline when the United States began to intercede in Soviet-Afghan affairs.Benjamin Frankel, an esteemed writer who wrote an article for History in Dispute, described how there was a draw out controversy in the Soviet Union on the topic of how to proceed with communist policies (14). Secondly, America already expressed its hard-line policy toward the USSR in a more detrimental way. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan established the Strategic Defense Initiative to protect the U. S. from potential ballistic missile attacks by the Soviet Union. In total, as the ABC-Clio database prescribes in paragraph ten of Cold War, 1945-1991, the USSR spent approximately $80 billion on the Soviet-Afghan War.The fall of the USSR was hastened by its lofty spending on the unnecessary cause. Similar to the economic problems in the Soviet Union, the United States actions concerning Soviet-Afghan affairs inflicted great burdens upon the U. S. economy. The United States wasted a substantial amount of money in order to aid mujahidin rebels so they could counteract their Soviet oppressors, but received no compensation in return. As an unkn profess author from setting Holyoke College estimates in Origins of the Taliban, the United States lost about $3 billion just on funding these covert ops.The mujahidin and Afghanistan as a whole provided bittie in return. The mujahidin, for one, only used America for what it provided and discarded the country once transactions were complete. Also, Afghanistan contained insufficient natural resources compared to its Middle- east counterparts. In addition to this actions interdict impact on the U. S. economy, it was also unjustified by the United States failure in persuading Afghans to convert to its political viewpoints. The United States did not spread democracy or even impede the Soviet Unions communist influence on Afghanistan.Instead of acting how it did, the United States should have allowed Afghanistan to develope itself and figure out its own problems t o an extent. One sign of progression in the country occurred in the mid-2000s when Afghanistan held its first presidential election. For example, Canada has benefitted by having the foreign policy of isolationism. Shifting back to the mujahidin, Benjamin Frankel describes it, stating, at a time they helped to push the Soviets out of Afghanistan, they turned their attention to the hated infidel West and its satanic leader, the United States (16).Benjamin Frankel went on to speak of how the Afghans were apathetic toward the message of democracy, small-arm they already disdained the ideology of communism (16). These reasons explain why the two parties never became allies and split ways once the Soviets withdrew in 1989. Sometime in the midst of the United States attempting to spread democracy in Afghanistan, the Jimmy Carter regime passed an embargo on wheat and corn against Russia as an early(a) attempt to burden the Soviet Union.The Russian Grain Embargo, enacted in 1980, had a ne gative financial impact on American farmers. This act was drawn up to reciprocate the past ongoing tensions between the United States and Soviet Union which heightened when the United States began to help the mujahidin in 1979. On the subject of U. S. and USSR trade, representative George McGovern stated at a 1980 Senate hearing in paragraph ten on the Annals of American History database that agricultural produce took up 75% of their trade.With this lack of trade, the USSR and U.S. each deeply suffered. As a result of the Russian Grain Embargo, prices on a bushel of wheat dropped 50? and prices for a bushel of corn dropped 30?. As McGovern by and by proclaims to the senate in his speech in paragraph nineteen, projected numbers do not take into consideration the tremendous increase in cost of fruit for crop year 1980 for farmers, coupled by depressed markets. This act, indirectly associated with rising tensions also causing the U. S. to fortify the mujahidin, made live very hard for farmers.The Russian Grain Embargo left a great mark on agrarian society in both the United States and the Soviet Union, but moreso in the U. S. This statement demonstrates the irony behind the embargo. The harm done to the USSR was substantial, though. One may say that the Russian Grain Embargo went with the hard-line policy Reagan put away toward the USSR, but this argument is invalidated by the financial burdens on America and the Soviet Union. Subsequently in his speech, George McGovern states in paragraph twenty, The U. S. omestic blow to the agricultural friendship can reasonably be concluded to be greater than the one we are delivering, at to the lowest degree in the long run and at least in economic terms. Plus, Russia was coming off a record low year for crop production, further supporting this acts injustification. Despite the position that the Russian Embargo Act was mainly a burden to farm society, it also proved or will have proven to be a burden to other importa nt parts of society. The Russian Grain Embargo also devastated both the United States and the Soviet Union in ways other than agriculturally including everyday citizens.In paragraph eighteen McGovern alludes to his great statistical knowledge, noting that American taxpayers compensated for the debt of the Russian Grain Embargo by paying a nerve of $3. 8-5 million. The credibility of the United States as a reliable trade partner skyrocketed due to the embargo. The administration of former President Jimmy Carter probably did not look to this outcome or even think about it. Another outcome of the act was expanded herd slaughter in Russia. Russians thus consumed bad or in some cases unsanitary meat because of the lack of U.S. meat shipments.Instead of wasting our time creating unnecessary policies or embargoes or groundlessly creating a powerful Afghan resilient force, the Unites States should have seized other important opportunities. For example, during the period in which the Unite d States sent weapons to the mujahidin, Afghanistans neighboring country Pakistan developed a thermonuclear-weapon program. This is ironic because alteration nuclear-weaponry in any place was apparently supposed to be a chief concern of America, yet we did nothing about it.Pakistan could have shared nuclear secrets with its ally neighbors, thus jeopardizing American security. Benjamin Frankel wrote about the possibility that Pakistan could eventually use their nuclear weapons. In that case, America would certainly regret not committing itself to the issue. forwards acting, we have to first ponder all implications the pros and cons. Either the various leaders of the United States from 1979 to 1989 did not do this or they misevaluated. When a country is already on an nevitable path to its downfall, spending a large amount of money to try to hasten it is unnecessary. Blocking trade to that country is inessential and dumb if all parties involved are negatively affected like in the c ase of the Russian Grain Embargo. In the end, the Unites States and Soviet Union were burdened by their shortsighted approaches ergo, we should call for from their mistakes and attempt to fix any remaining consequences. Unfortunately, we may one day have to endure the repercussions of not taking action if a Middle Eastern country sets off a nuclear bomb.

Keats’ attitude towards women Essay

Q- Keats wrote that he struggled to settle his mind on women, by turns adoring them as angels and reviling them as whores. Discuss Keatss attitude to women in at least three poems in light of this opinion.Keats once wrote in a letter to fag Brawne You have ravishd me away by a Power I tushnot resist and save I could resist t ominous I axiom you and even since I have seen you I have endeavoured often to reason against the reasons of my Love- I can do that no more. The quote, from John hybridizings Tis Pity Shes a Whore, ostensibly encapsulates Keats attitude towards women. Through the variation of effeminate characters presented in his work, from the evil seductress in La Belle Dame Sans Merci to holy pure Madeline from The Eve of St. Agnes, Keats cultivates the impression of being simultaneously enchanted and repelled by the opposite sex, enthralled by their sensuality yet wary of their seemingly stranger nature.This repulsion is depicted quite clearly in La Belle Dame Sans M erci or The Beautiful Woman Without Pity. Keats allusion to the medieval romance by French poet Alain Chartier immediately transports the subscriber into a fairy tale setting. The poem adopts the form of a folk ballad, yet merely mimics traditional love ballads as Keats female assistant is depicted as having a far darker purpose. The contrast between the traditional ballad form and the cruel titular woman creates an ominous tincture that continues into the first stanza of the poem. The poem consists of two speakers, the first of which hails the palely loitering sawbuck and asks O what can ail thee.The eeriness of the poem is reinforced when the unknown speaker asks a second time, O what can ail thee, cavalry at arms, the repetition of the question creating a ghostly refrain. The alliteration of the L sound in palely loitering creates a sense of listlessness that is furthered by dint of the bleak landscape where the sedge has witherd from the lake, and no birds sing. From this the reader can infer that the sawbuck is a desolate emotional call forth, which is echoed, by his surroundings. Keatss expend of pathetic fallacy is furthered when the first speaker remarks that the harvests done thus going away the knight in a literal winter as well as a figurative one.As knights are often held as paragons of resolution and violence, Keats makes the reader aware that something preternaturally powerful must(prenominal) be at work. This preternatural being is full beautiful-a faerys child, a hot seductress who enthrals the hapless knight. So besotted is he, that he thinks nothing of following her to her elfin grot where she lulled him asleep. On the one hand, the verb lulled can be seen as a undependable attempt to secure the knights affections and allay his suspicions about La Belles otherworldly nature, on the other it can be viewed as a calming gesture, that has been misconstrued by the knight like every other aspect of the ethereal woman.Alluding to medie val mythology, Keats paints La Belle as a succubus, a femme fatale able to shove along the life from the chivalrous knight through dreams. We, as the reader are only offered the descriptions and opinions of the knight-at-arms, and know nothing of this lady save for his unveiling of her. As such, libber critics could argue that unkind depiction of her character stems from the inversion of patriarchal values depicted in the poem. The knight is not a helpless victim of fancy, for it was he who first approached La Belle, and it was he who made her a garland for her head, and bracelets too, and fragrant zone. These objects, seemingly tokens of their courtship can be seen not only to apparel but to bind, enslave and enclose.La Belle Dame Sans Merci deviates from popular literacy tropes by depicting a lovelorn male in a state of decline and curse after being rejected by the cruel female who is the object of his desires. However, instead of creating a female character to be applauded, Keats turns La Belles rejection of the knight into a rejection of morality itself. La Belle is never fully described, a longhaired faceless beauty who enslaves the knight with her feminine wiles. As such, La Belle can be seen to equal all women, an approximation that is furthered when Keats speaks of pale kings and princess too, pale warriors, death-pale they were all. The repetition of the sickly adjective pale in conjunction with the paradigms of masculinity found in kings, princes, and warriors furthers the idea of female sexuality corrupting the values of men, thus assuring their downfall.Keats creates a direct parallel to the malevolent succubus in La Belle Dame Sans Merci through male protagonist Porphyro from his poem The Eve of Saint Agnes. St. Agnes Eve- Ah, bitter chill it was The owl for all his feathers was a-cold the hare limped trembling through the frozen grass, and silent were the trade in woolly fold. Just like La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Keats through use of natur al imagery depicts a desolate surrounding. However, in this cause the frozen countryside is the result of a natural winter and not the spells of a cruel enchantress. This idea is further through the listing of animals the owl, hare and throne are vastly different from the birdless wasteland.Keats conjures in the reader the vision of a harsh winter through use of adjectives cold, frozen and chill. The low nature of this bleak landscape is broken by Musics golden tongue and gold snarling trumpets. The verb snarling conjures in the reader images of savage dogs or wolves and is a startling contrast to the muffled snow covered outside world. The harsh Ar sound in snarling creates a growling effect and efficaciously conveys the ferocity and fervour of the music being played. Keats use of precious metals gold and liquid simultaneously emphasise the value of the music, and livens the frozen world female protagonist Madeline lives in.Discussing the origination of Madeline, critic Batem an states that shes no Fanny Brawne, shes timid and subdued. Paraded in front on numerous gentry who hold no appeal to her, Madeline longs to escape from the public eye and anxiously awaits the hallowed hour of St. Agnes Eve. The adjective hallowed holds within it highly religious connotations that encapsulates the sacred nature of St. Agnes Night. The use of religious imagery is prevalent throughout the poem, and is expressed quite exquisitely through Madeline.Madeline is a paragon of virtue, a virgin so pious that she seemed a splendid angelsave wings for heaven. Surrounded by the light of the wintry moon Madeline is transformed into an ethereal being, one with no contain on earth. Far from evoking Diana, goddess of the moon and chastity, the scintillating moonlight throws warm gules on Madelines breast thus drawing attention to her body as she knelt, so pure a thing, free from mortal taint. The noun taint suggests contamination, a polluting stain that cannot be removed. After the touch of a man, Madeline will no long-dated be pure, and as such loose that which makes her heavenly.Through use of aged creature Angela, Keats creates a counter actuate to female protagonist Angela. The noun creature brings to mind something other, an alien entity that lacks humanity. Far past the age where she can enjoy the innocent and puerile rituals of St. Agnes eve, Angela is depicted as everything that Madeline is not. Old, frail and feeble, she is constantly shaking due to her palsied state and seems prone to fits of forgetfulness, reminding Porphyro that he she cannot trust her dizzy head. She lacks any strength of character and is easily manipulated by Porphyro, thus enabling him to carry out his seduction on Madeline. One the one hand, the constant listing of physical and mental deficiencies allows Keats to create a strong contrast to thriving Madeline, on the other hand, Keats can be seen as conforming to overused stereotypes- the pious young virgin and the feeble el derly crone. As such, his female characters become a flat 2D portrayal, lacking any real depth of personality.Jack Stillinger states regardless of the extent to which Keats identified with his hero, he introduced enough overtones of evil to make Porphyros actions wrong within the grammatical construction of the poem. On the one hand this statement can be held true, with Porphyros actions revealing him to be a cruel man and impious and on the other, Porphyros actions take on a romantic light, and any indiscretions made can be seen to be the actions of a lovesick fool. Mirroring La Belles presentation as a succubus, Keats once again draws on medieval mythology. This time however, the male not the female entertains supernatural elements. As such, Porphyro becomes an incubus. Like succubae, an incubus holds power over the opposite sex, and often carries out their seductions through dreams.Unlike La Belle however, Keats does not demonise Porphyro for his sexualnature and portrays his f antasies of possessing Madeline in a romantic light. notwithstanding their similar situations, the difference in the presentation of La Belle and Porphyro truly illustrates Keats attitudes towards women. Keats wrote about empathetic identification, claiming if a sparrow come before my window, I take part in its existence and pick about the Gravel. Keats is able to identify with the sparrow, yet seems unable to create female characters who are not enticing femme removes like Lamia and La Belle Dame Sans Merci, or vapid feeble characters like Madeline and Angela.Keats interference and depiction of his written characters is highly similar to his treatment of Fanny Brawne, finding in her aspects of that which disgusted him in La Belle Dame Sans Merci and enchanted him in The Eve of St. Agnes. In a letter to her he wrote I cannot live without you, and not just you but celibate you virtuous you. As such, that which drew Porphyro to Madeline also drew Keats to Miss Brawne. Keats howeve r, also echoes the obsessive yearning of the knight from La Belle Dame Sans Merci, writing to Fanny you are to me an object intensely desirable. This desire is shown most strongly in Ode To Fanny, one of the last poems Keats wrote after torture his first lung haemorrhage.As Keats drifted closer towards death, his infatuation with Fanny became something of an obsession with critic Richardson claiming that Keats had transfigured Fanny in his imagination, his passion creating in her the beauty which for him became the truth. Keats ascribes Fanny with providential healing abilities, imploringly asking her to let my spirit blood O ease my heart. Bloodletting was an ancient practice said to relive the body of ill humours and cure maladies. Is this case however, it is not Keats blood that is causing his ailments but his damaged soul. Only Fanny can cure his heartache, making him entirely dependant on her.Throughout the ode, Keats is intensely focused on Fannys virginity, painfully aware t hat he will never be able to claim her sexually. Keats calls her his silver moon and asks that she stay unravished by anothers amorous burn. Through mentioning moonlight, Keats invokes Artemis, Greek Goddess of chastity entreating Fanny to remain pure. The long vowel soundsin amorous burn speak of consuming passion while the verb burn contains connotations of fiery lust, thus furthering the idea of Keats fixation with Fannys sexuality. Whilst the colour silver is typically linked to purity and the moon, it will also tarnishes over time thus loosing its lustre. Keats knows that Fanny, like the silver, will one day no longer be pure, yet he still asks that no other with a rude hand break the sacramental cake. The use of the religious metaphor sacramental cake to rather crudely refer to the hymen, reduces Fanny to nothing more than a body for a man to sate himself in. Keats discounts her worth as a person in favour of highlighting her worth as a sexual object meant only for the pleasur e of men.Keats employs the use of simplistic rhyme when stating must not a woman be, a feather on the sea. The juvenile rhyme scheme brings to mind that of a nursery rhyme, an idea that is corroborated by the equally infantile rhythm. Seemingly scornful of her emotions, and rather unable to comprehend that women are able to know their own minds, Keats wrote to Fanny you do not olfactory property as I do- you do not know what it is to love. It is perhaps this view that nurtures Keats distrust and envy which prompts his rather hyperbolic proclamation may my eyeball close, Love On their last repose. The use of the rather clichd I would die without your love conjures in the reader images of powerful emotional manipulation. The reader has to question if Keats is really in love with Fanny like he claims, or if his obsessive infatuation has created an idealised image of what love is, and projected it on the object of his affections.Despite what other characteristic or personality aspects they may possess, Keats paints women as seductresses, entrapping the hearts of unsuspecting men. In regards to the women he writes about, even pure chaste Madeline is presented as having ensnared poor Porphyro. Whilst some of this can be excused due to oppressive patriarchal paradigms that presented women as objects to be obtained, the vast majority of the unfair presentation stems from Keats own feelings and opinions. Keats is seemingly unable to view women as fully autonomous human beings, and treats even Fanny as a succubus that has enthralled him, yet even so he elevates her into an ideal. The paradoxical nature of their relationship- characterised by both love andloathing can be seen to be reflected in his attitudes towards women, leaving him simultaneously enchanted and repelled.Bibliographyhttp//feminism.eserver.org/theory/papers/lilith/labelle.htmlhttp//www.keatsian.co.uk/keats-poetry-belle.phphttp//www.mibba.com/Reviews/Book/4500/John-Keats-La-Belle-Dame-sans-Merci/http//w ww.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/english_literature/poetry_ccea/loveanddeath/labelledamesanmerci/revision/1/http//www.englweb.umd.edu/englfac/JRudy/Keats-letters.pdfhttp//www1.umassd.edu/corridors/bestessay259.htmlhttp//literarism.blogspot.co.nz/2011/03/eve-of-st-agnes-keats.htmlhttp//research.library.mun.ca/353/3/sensuous_embodiment.pdfRichardson, Joanna. Fanny Brawne A Biography. Norwich Jarrold and Sons, 1952. Print.

Behavior Plan Template Essay

Behavior Plan Template Use this template to create behavioral plans for assignments in Weeks Two and Three. Fill in each section and provide additional information as needed. Client Identifying Information List all relevant and known identifying information.History depict all pertinent and known fib. MedicalOnur has urges to steal and achieves a thrill from stealing.FamilyOnur stole items and cash from his parents and grandparents. Onur was reported as a runaway three times. There is no psychiatric history or any suicidal or homicidal behavior in the family background.Substance AbuseAt a young age Onur started substance abuse. He haas been charged with under-aged drinking.Developmental and SocialAt age of 15, he was charged with theft. Onur has been involved in crime for many years.He has a unique ability to be very convincing and brags about being able to get aways with anything. He does not show any remorse for stealing more than 3 million dollars.Course of Treatment List two target behaviors and two interventions. dependance/ KleptomaniaAntisocial PersonalityFrequency and Duration of Target Behaviors10 years of stealing At a young age up until age od 25Severity and Number of RelapsesMultiple times of relapseMultiple times of relapseInterventionsSelp-help sort outs/ horror Therapy Practice techniques such as holding his breath until he becomes uncomfortable so the urge of stealing goes away.Teach new vocational and relationship skills Role-plays in group to demonstate passive, aggressive, and assertive behavior for new group members. Goals and Objectives List two long-term goals, two short-term goals, and one objective to work towards each goal.Long-Term GoalMaintain honesty in the community/ Will remain free of destructive behavior to self and others.Short-Term GoalAttend 12-step sessions to the therapy program /Accept Responsibility for Recovery and implement at least two new coping techniques whenever he has feelings of impulsive behavior Objectives Develop self-control,accept limits, and learns to trust others. Will determine the most beneficial strategies and substitute them for maladaptive ones.Discharge and Termination Plans Describe the discharge and termination plan for the client.Discharge PlanDemonstrates alternative ways of handling situations and urges of stealing.Termination PlanOnur has demonstated progress toward this goals by using alternate behaviors to use self-controlduring situatuions that get out of hand. If the client fails to control his urges to steal and continue to have an antisocial behavior he will have to continue treatment in prison. References Jones-Smith, E. (2012) Chapter 6 Theories of Counseling and psychotherapy Reality / Choice Therapy, 1e.ISBN 9781412910040 Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications, Inc.

Women as Commodity

WOMEN AS COMMODITY Wo manpower As Commodity Since old-fashioned times, There people who argon universe sold undecomposed equal a mere intimacys sold in a commercialise to be break ones backs, pimp, and its quiet alarming that even naive tike is a dupe of this kind of discursive intent. Women have been too analyzed to be part of those bundles of things paraded, bidded for, sold, and traded off despite the f propel that women be making huge contri scarcelyions for the development of their countries in different aspects today, still women ar being tricked as commodity.In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, non altogether focused on the love story of Claudio and genius the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik only if it likewise goes much oceanic abysser in exploring the tensions surrounded by the sexes in a society where female chastity is equated with virtue, and that virtues serve as the bill of a womans charge. In women in the story interprets Shakesp eares viewpoint just nigh women state before. That women were inured as commodities on the early red-brick marriage ex falsify has, of course, been hale established.Numerous social historians of the early modern period have documented the value attached to daughters as a way of life by which to advance family promise and social position. Although marriage formations differed widely according to social ranking, as B. J. Sokol and Mary Sokol none in Shakespeare, Law, and Marriage, the convention among the gentry and aristocracy was for marriages to be arranged by families with a view to securing advantages or alliances, conforming to a patriarchal model. Numerous early modern conduct manuals and sermons, in fact, warn that a womans worth was linked to her chastity, a worth which could be lost or diminished due to real or, in the case of Shakespeare Hero, perceived sexual indiscretion. Commercial Surrogacy and the redefinition of m oppositeliness The childbearing years are no longer a required element in the reproductive period for some. Commercial surrogacy has opened the doors for umpteen who bumt bear children of their own. Surrogate m differenthood has increased notoriety as means for obtaining children.A commercial surrogate mother is paid to produce a child for some sensation else and then has to give up all bring upal skilfuls and love for the child, she then, has to allow others to vacate the child as if their own. This behavior has raised m each concerns about the suitable scope of the market in commercial surrogacy. almost totally object to commercial surrogacy because the children and womens reproductive ability are treated as a commodity like children as buyer durables and women as mishandle factories. Since the 1970s, on that point has been rapid and wide ranging development in the field of untested reproductive technologies (NRT).With donor insemination (DI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), previously infertile couples have be en given new hope and the chance to have children. A more upstart addition to these new methods of reproduction has been the combination of DI and IVF with surrogate mother arrangements. This technique has subtly changed the realm of reproduction, for with the addition of a third party (the surrogate) to the reproductive environment, the reputation of motherhood, fatherhood, and the allocation of parental rights and duties has come into question.Before the advent of NRTs, thither were essentially two forms of motherhood recognized in due western society, the biological and the social mother. Except for adoption, fostering, or step parenting, the biological mother was assumed to also be the social mother. This is not surprising, as motherhood has never been ambiguous one might not k right a expression who ones father was, but ones mothers identity was rarely in question.However, before women were granted healthy mortalhood (1929 in Canada), a childs ratified guardian or parent was the father ( base on property rights arguments) historically, illegitimate children were not considered to have a legal parent, both mother or father. Surrogate Mothers Assisted reproduction has contributed to the fragmentation of motherhood. Historically, the social and biological aspects of motherhood resided in one person. Maternity is now divisible into genetic, gestational, and social otherhood, and these roles can be spread among a number of women. This division is most apparent in the case of surrogate mothers, where at to the lowest degree three (and possibly as many as five) women can attempt to claim parental rights over a child. If Mrs. A is infertile and Mrs. B agrees to forget ova to be fertilized in vitro with semen from Mr. A, and embryos are transferred to Mrs. C, who agrees to carry the baby to term and hand it over to Mrs. A and her husband after birth, the situation coerces extremely multiplex and the basic tenets of family law uncertain. This situation creates the potential for enormous conflict over who should be considered the mother and has the concomitant parental rights and responsibilities for the child. For example, in the Baby M case, there was a conflict between two conceptions of motherhood, the legal ( deputation mother) and the biological (surrogate mother). Surrogacy breaks down and devolves the role of mother, separating the social and nurturing part of motherhood from the genetic contribution and the giving birth process. Commercialization and ExploitationWhile surrogacy in general raises a host of social and ethical chores, I believe that commercial surrogacy in particular can crystallize the difficulties that many people have with surrogacy, and help us get to the core of how surrogacy affects our to a lower placestanding of motherhood. Commercialization, and its use of market rhetoric, treats surrogacy as a service arrangement between a number of individuals, leading to the creation of a product and the trans fer of rights to that product. In the law in the U. S. , this is represented in the form of contracts signed by the commissioning couple and the surrogate mother.In exchange for between $10,000 and $15,000, the surrogate mother (and usually her partner) agree to abstain from intercourse for a number of months, submit to regular and blanket(a) medical exams, and agree to transfer parental rights to the couple once the child is born. Women As Commodity Moral Issues A Korean movie, Surrogate Mothers, told of a unfledged poor girl chosen by the members of the nobility to be the bank for the sperm of the noble son who could not impregnate his barren wife. Her mother was also a surrogate mother before.After de get goingring the baby, she developed that material attachment to the child. However, she was not allowed to experience cuddling that baby as she had to be banished right away from the castle to keep the deal a secret from the public. She was paid with each and an acre of land fo r her service. She commits suicide for she cant accept her situation. In India,many women are being burned by their mothers-in-law and husbands for not being able to pay the dowry exclusively. The dowry is the amount of money paid to the grooms parents for allowing him to marry the girl.The costs of marrying off daughters have become so high-priced in India today reaching as high as 500,000 rupees. Thus amniocentesis or sex determination of t he child in the womb is being sought by couples to know if it is female or male. Many female fetuses have been killed because of this method as couples whom p repair sons. One Indian said It is better to spend 500 rupees (for amniocentesis) now than to spend 500,000 rupees later for a daughters marriage dowry. Japenese women feminists have decried thir countrymen who leave their wives walking ten feet behind him, thereby also treating them like commodities.Here in the Philippines, we have a register of various typefaces of commodizing wome n too. Some landlords require their tenants to make their daughters or wives play in their mansions to render internal services, maybe sometimes sexual services too, in cases when the tenant fathers are sunk in debt to them and cannot pay subscribe. Wilhelmina Orozco learned on a research how some prostitutes in Olongapo suffer double exploitation when they cannot refuse their managers demanding sexual favors for them, lest they lose their chances of working in his nightclub.Even some orphanages engage in commodizing women. Their administrators trick the parents of rich heavy(predicate) women, ashamed of the stigma attached to unwed mothers, or those poor women into donating their babies to them which they then sell off to rich donors abroad. The term donation instead of payment for the baby becomes a smokescreen to cover up the commerce. Conclusion The concept of surrogate motherhood is becoming very accepted way of infertile couples to have a child of their own. Although it is an act of love, it also involves financial aid.Surrogate mothers are obviously paid for bearing a child inside their wombs. A couple who wants to hire a service of a surrogate mother must also consider the kind of personality of the surrogate mother. We all know that the genes have larger way out on the babys personality someday. Women are now expected to function merely as reproductive vehicles, birth mothers with no identity aside from being a suitcase to carry the child, how far can they be pushed into invisibility? How far can we ignore their moral status? It is not the aim of this report to suggest that surrogacy is wrong or unethical.There are serious problems involved, and these are partly moral, legal and partly ethical. Any attempt to legalize surrogacy, commercial or otherwise, must take into account the above implications. A failure to consider the ethical implications of surrogate motherhood, commercial or otherwise, are to show a omit of concern for another being (a surrogate mother). HUMAN TRAFFICKING benevolent Trafficking Human trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal activities in the world, a phenomenon that has been said to be driven by the same forces that drive the globalization of markets.The breadth of the problem is immense and the statistics that outline the prevalence of trafficking in the world today give authoritative cause for concern. The scope of this global problem is exponentially increasing, and this has been recognized to be in part due to the worldwide increase in poverty that has been caused by the global financial crisis. Slowly and painfully a furnish is emerging of a global disgust that shames us all. Billions of dollars are being do at the expense of millions of victims of kind trafficking. Boys and girls who should be at school are coerced into becoming soldiers, doing hard grok or sold for sex.Women and girls are being trafficked for exploitation obligate into domestic labor, prostitution or marriage. Men, confine by debt, slave away in mines, plantations, or sweatshops. How can such(prenominal)(prenominal) a trade in human beings occur in the 21st century? Because it is a low risk reward crime. In many countries, the essential laws are not in place, or they are not properly enforced too often traffickers are let off with a slap on the wrist, and victims are treated as criminals. Unscrupulous traffickers exploit the poverty, hope and innocence of the vulnerable.Victims become dehumanized and enslavedforced to produce cheap well behaveds or provide services over and over again. They live in fear, many become victims of violence. Their blood, sweat and tears are on the hands of consumers in the developed world. What Is Human Trafficking? Human Trafficking is defined in the Trafficking protocol as the recruitment, transport, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud or deception for the purpose of exploitation. The definition on trafficking consists of three core elements ) Theactionof trafficking which means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons 2) Themeansof trafficking which entangles threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability 3) Thepurposeof trafficking which is everlastingly exploitation. In the words of the Trafficking Protocol, article 3 exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, bondage or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.To ascertain whether a particular circumstance constitutes trafficking in persons, consider the definition of trafficking in the Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the constituent elements of the offense, as defined by relevant domestic economy. How Is Human Trafficking Different From Migrant Smuggli ng? Consent migrant smuggling, small-arm often under taken in dangerous or degrading conditions, involves consent. Trafficking victims, on the other hand, have both never consented or if they initially consented, that consent has been rendered meaningless by the coercive, deceptive or abusive action of the traffickers. Exploitation migrant smuggling ends with the migrants arrival at their destination, whereas trafficking involves the ongoing exploitation of the victim. Transnationality smuggling is ever transnational, whereas trafficking may not be. Trafficking can occur regardless of whether victims are taken to another state or go within a states b lodges. Source of profits in smuggling cases profits are derived from the transportation of facilitation of the illegal entry or stay of a person into another county, while in trafficking cases profits are derived from exploitation.The distinctions between smuggling and trafficking are often very subtle and sometimes they ove rlap. Identifying whether a case is one of human trafficking or migrant smuggling and related crimes can be very difficult for a number of reasons Some trafficked persons might start their jaunt by agreeing to be smuggled into a country illegally, but find themselves deceived, coerced or forced into an exploitative situation later in the process (by e. g. being forced to work for extraordinary low wages to pay for the transportation). Traffickers may present an opportunity that sounds more like smuggling to potential victims.They could be asked to pay a fee in common with other people who are smuggled. However, the intention of the trafficker from the outset is the exploitation of the victim. The fee was part of the fraud and deception and a way to make a bit more money. Smuggling may be the planned intention at the outset but a too good to miss opportunity to traffic people presents itself to the smugglers/traffickers at some point in the process. Criminals may both smuggle and tr affic people, employing the same routes and methods of transporting them.The relationship between these two crimes is often oversimplified and misunderstood both are allowed to prosper and opportunities to combat both are missed. It is important to understand that the work of migrant smugglers often results in good for human traffickers. Smuggled migrants may be victimized by traffickers and have no guarantee that those who smuggle them are not in fact traffickers. In short, smuggled migrants are particularly vulnerable to being trafficked combating trafficking in persons requires that migrant smuggling be addressed as a antecedence.What Is The Role Of Transnational unionised Crime Groups In Human Trafficking? Trafficking is almost always a form of organized crime and should be dealt with using criminal powers to investigate and prosecute offenders for trafficking and any other criminal activities in which they engage. Trafficked persons should also be seen as victims of crime. Support and protection of victims is a humanitarian objective and an important means of ensuring that victims are voluntary and able to assist in criminal cases. As with other forms of organized crime, trafficking has globalized.Groups formerly active in specific routes or regions have expanded the geographic scope of their activities to explore new markets. Some have merged or formed cooperative relationships, expanding their geographical reach and range of criminal activities. Trafficking victims have become another commodity in a larger realm of criminal commerce involving other commodities, such as narcotic drugs and firearms or weapons and money launder that generates illicit revenues or seeks to reduce risks for traffickers.The relatively low risks of trafficking and substantial potential profits have, in some cases, induced criminals to become involved as an election to other, riskier criminal pursuits. With the adoption of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Traf ficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the UN blueprint against Transnational Organized Crime in November 2000, countries have begun to develop the necessary criminal offences and enforcement powers to investigate, prosecute and punish traffickers and to confiscate their profits, but expertise and resources will be directed to make the new measures fully effective.Risks are further minify by the extent to which victims are intimidated by traffickers, both in destination countries, where they fear deportation or prosecution for offences such as prostitution or illegal immigration, and in their countries of origin, where they are often vulnerable to retaliation or re-victimization if they cooperate with criminal justice authorities. The support and protection of victims is a censorious element in the fight against trafficking to increase their willingness to cooperate with authorities and as a necessary means of rehabilitation. Is There A Legal Instrument To draw rein Human Trafficking?The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, was adopted by the coupled Nations General Assembly in 2000 and entered into force on 25 December 2003. The Trafficking Protocol, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only international legal instrument addressing human trafficking as a crime and falls under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 1) The purposes of the Trafficking Protocol are 2) To prevent and combat trafficking in persons 3) To protect and assist victims of trafficking, and ) To shape up cooperation among States Parties in localise to meet these objectives. The Trafficking Protocol advances international law by providing, for the first time, a working definition of trafficking in persons and requires ratifying States to criminalize such practices. What Are The Major Challenges go about In The Battle Against Human Trafficking? A number of points can be made It is important that every effort is undertaken to establish the gravity of the problem and articulated lorry the issue from the source to destination. What numbers are available show the problem has not abated and is not likely to.One of the challenges relates to the gathering of accurate precept in order that a true picture of the phenomenon can be gauged. In this respect, some progress has been made but more needs to be done. From UNODCs work crossways the criminal justice sector, we are fully aware that human trafficking is often only one activity of extensive and highly sophisticated international crime networks. We need to ensure that, despite the many conflicting priorities faced by member states that the issue of countering human trafficking is clearly given a high priority and focus by the international community. We need to consider the type of action that can be taken to raise awareness of the prob lem and take steps to prevent trafficking at source (reference to UNODC public service announcements). A major challenge is to ensure that action is taken to ratify and effectively implement the Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. Improving international cooperation and coordination, particularly in relation to developing information exchange and operational cooperation between law enforcement agencies needs to be strengthened. There is a need to take a more holistic and partnership barbel to tackling the problem. In this respect, UNODC fully recognizes the importance of mobilizing the support of NGOs, IGOs, governments and the community at large. Moral Issues 1. A human trafficking victim was rescued after of the tedious and mazy old age of being slaved after his mother sold him for money. He was interviewed by the UNODC Country officer of Columbia. When youre a kid, its easy to be deceived.Each Sunday when I walked down from the town, where my mum had a business, they would urge me to go with them, telling me that I would have a really good time, that it was better to go with them than to keep on working. On my 12th birthday, they came back for me. My mum was away at work, so I took the chance and escaped with them Five months later I regretted being there, but there was no chance of leaving. Besides, they told my mum that I was dead, that they had already killed me just like happened to my cousin who went with the military, and when she tried to escape, they caught her, sent her to the war council, and executed her.I had been on the fortieth front for two months when I got wounded. It was very hard. I was in the middle of a combat situation, and I had to assemble a bomb to throw at the army, but I grabbed it with the wrong hand. The soldiers were burning me shooting too close and I changed the bomb from one hand to another, and it exp loded and blew my leg off In that moment I felt blood coming out of me, very fast, and I screamed when I saw it. I was legless. I screamed again, and then a guy grabbed me, but I fainted We surrendered on 20 July.We were very afraid because they warned us that the only thing we couldnt do was to let ourselves get caught alive, or surrender to the military, because the first thing they would do to women was raping and torturing us, penetrate us with a wooden stick and then kill us Now my dream is that they help me to get back my leg, so I can walk again. After that Id like to go to high school and then to the nursery school Id like that. Ximena, trafficking victim 2. Luana and Marcela are trafficking victims rescued by Brazilian NGO from a discursive life , they experienced being trapped by criminals and forced to prostitutions..Luana A friend of mine told me that a Spanish group was hiring Brazilian girls to work as dancers on the island of Lanzarote. My friend Marcela and I thought it was a good opportunity to earn money. We didn? t want to continue working as maids. For a short while we only danced. and later they told us there had been too many expenses. And we would have to make some extra money. Marcela We were trapped by criminals and forced into prostitution in order to pay debts for the trip. We had up to 15 clients per night. The use of condoms was the client? s decision, not ours.The criminals kept our passports and had an armed man in front of the disco to make sure we never escaped. But a woman helped us. We went to the police and told everything. Luana and Marcela, trafficking victims, interviewed by the Brazilian NGO Projeto Trama Maria Feranda is a victim of human trafficking in Colombia. At that moment, my nightmare began. I was terrorise when they showed me what I was expected to doI felt I just couldnt do it. Ive been through many things, but never something like that, so I told them that I wasntgoing to and that I was going back h ome.I was shocked when they told me that wasnt possiblethey said they had invested a lot of money in me, and I hadto work to pay them back, because I now belonged to the network. I thought about escaping, but I was afraid of being physically hurt or killed. I worked hard for six months, but they have no mercy on you theyre just demeaning. During this time, I was sold many times, and this happened every 10 dayssometimes I just didnt know where I was. Youre like a commodity to them. Maria Fernanda, Trafficking victim, interviewed by theUNODC Country Office in Colombia Conclusions Trafficking admits women, children and men basic freedom. Trafficking robs communities of potential productive members of society, and exposes victims to violence, injury, disease and death. Trafficking is a detriment to public health, both economically and in the potential for widespread health issues. The work of cutting off demand for human trafficking is complex and requires a range of partners working together around a shared rejection of products and services obtained by force, fraud, or coercion.While technology and social media is being leveraged in innovative ways to provide consumers with information and a way to connect with companies, for example, there remains a need to explore new methods of raising awareness about the nature and proximity of human trafficking. With greater understanding of the crime, and a clear tool or means to make a difference, consumers and businesses alike will be more likely to take steps to diminish the demand for forced labor. PROSTITUTIONS Prostitutions What is Prostitution? Prostitutionis unremarkably defined as the custom of having sexual relations in exchange for economic gain.Although the sex is traditionally traded for money, it can also be bartered for jewelry, clothing, vehicles, housing, foodanything that hasmarket value. It is typically seen as an aberrant way to make a living and is illegal in many countries. The wordprostitutioncan also refer to any act that is considered demeaning or shameful. The term prostitute is customarily used to refer to a female person who engages in sex in exchange for money as a profession. Depending on the culture, the attitude toward the job, and the socio-economic region in which the business ofprostitutionis conducted, other terminology is often used.These monikers often include streetwalker, sex role player, hooker, escort, sex trade worker and commercial sex worker. Male prostitutes are generally considered less prevalent in the occupation. They are typically referred to as escorts or gigolos if their clientele is female. If they specialize in providing their services to men, rent boy or hustler are price frequently used to describe them? kindred to most occupations, a prostitute may have an employer or work as an independent contractor. Men who market and sellprostitutionservices are usually referred to as pimps.Women with the same job description are commonly called mada ms. Both normally take a percentage of the prostitutes income as payment for their promotional services. Prostitutes who work independently have the advantage of keeping all of their earnings. The presumed advantage of having representatives such as pimps and madams involved in the process are safety. These agents are generally expected to screen prospective clients to ensure the safety and security of their staff. Pimps, however, are frequently portrayed to be less than forthcoming with the agree upon pay for prostitutes who work for them.In a significant number of cases, pimps have been know to physically and psychologically abuse their employees. Madams are less known for abuse, but are often accused of mishandling the funds of call girls in their employ. Depending upon the country and the culture,prostitutionmay be considered a legal or illegal profession. In areas where it is lawful, there are commonly rules imposed by governments to ensure local prostitutes practice safe sex in their business activities to prevent the spread of sexually ancestral diseases (STDs).The workers are also generally required to have regular physical exams to ensure they are healthy and pose no threat to their customers well-being. In regions whereprostitutionis deemed a crime, the punishment ranges from simple fines or short stints in jail to death. Some jurisdictions recognize the business transaction of prostitutionas legal, but make it difficult to lawfully practice by imposing restrictions on how and where it can be conducted. These controls commonly include the prohibition of pimping, running a brothel and publicly offeringprostitutionservices. pic pic What does the Bible say about prostitution? Will God forgive a prostitute? Prostitution is often referred to as the oldest profession. Indeed, it has always been a common way for women to make money, even in Bible times. The Bible tells us that prostitution is immoral. Proverbs 2327-28says, For a prostitute is a deep pit and a wayward wife is a narrow well. Like a bandit she lies in wait, and multiplies the un cheeseparing among men. God forbids involvement with prostitutes because He knows such involvement is detrimental to both men and women. For the lips of an immoral woman drip honey, And her mouth is smoother than oil But in the end she is bitter as wormwood, Sharp as a two-edged sword. Her feet go down to death, Her steps lay hold of hell (Proverbs 53-5 NKJV). Prostitution not only destroys marriages, families, and lives, but it destroys the nub and soul in a way that leads to physical and spiritual death. Gods desire is that we stay pure and use our bodies as tools for His use and glory (Romans 613). stolon Corinthians 613says, The body is not for sexual immorality but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. Although prostitution is abominable, prostitutes are not beyond Gods scope of forgiveness. The Bible records His use of a prostitute named Rahab to further the fulfillment of His pl an. As a result of her obedience, she and her family were rewarded and blessed (Joshua 21617-25). In the New Testament, a woman who had been known for being a sexual sinnerbefore Jesus forgave and cleansed her from sinfound an opportunity to serve Jesus while He was visiting in the home of a Pharisee. The woman, recognizing the Nazarene for who He is, brought a bottle of expensive perfume to Him.In regret and repentance, the woman wept and poured perfume on His feet, wiping it with her hair. When the Pharisees criticized Jesus for accepting this act of love from the immoral woman, He admonished them and accepted the womans worship. Because of her faith, Christ had forgiven all her sins, and she was received into His kingdom (Luke 736-50). When speaking to those who refused to believe the truth about Himself, Jesus Christ said, I tell you the truth, the taxation collectors and the prostitutes are entering the kingdom of God ahead of you.For arse came to you to show you the way of righteousness, and you did not believe him, but the tax collectors and the prostitutes did. And even after you saw this, you did not repent and believe him (Matthew 2131-32). Just like anyone else, prostitutes have the opportunity to receive salvation and eternal life from God, to be cleansed of all their unrighteousness and be given a brand new life All they must do is turn away from their sinful lifestyle and turn to the living God, whose g unravel and mercy are boundless. Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation the old has gone, the new has come (2 Corinthians 517). Moral Issues There was a lot of hue and cry about the statement of US Ambassador Harry Thomas at a late(a) judicial conference on human trafficking that 40 percent of foreign male tourists visit the Philippine for commercial sex. At first the ambassador refused to change his statement when asked by Philippine officials to apologize for it, but on Oct. 7 he relented and said he should not have used the 40 percent statistic without the ability to back it up.But his statement has once again focused attention on the problem of sex trafficking and the sex trade in the Philippines. The fact is that the problem exists although right now we may not have accurate, verifiable statistics. Conclusion Prostitution is always going to be a pressing issue, and politicians will always have different opinions about it. Politicians are the ones who decide how their country stands in different questions, and that might cause misunderstandings. The laws and official opinions of a country do not always agree with the populations point of view.An example of that is Germany. The facts and the survey do not agree, and the facts are based on politicians, while the survey is based on regular people from Germany. That gave me an answer to my question. The question was Why do Germany and Sweden have such different views on prostitution? And the answer simply is Germany is not more liberal than Sweden concer ning prostitution. They are more liberal concerning strict laws, and that is because of their history that they do not want to experience again. That also affected the politicians and their way of handleing their inhabitants.What is right and what is wrong is something you have to decide with your own moral and opinion. How society should hands prostitution is one of the issues Ive been highly inconsistent on, flip-flopping between having strong opinions either way, to more ambivalent positions in the middle. A super-short summary of my process (chronologically) over the last two decades 1. It should be illegal because it is wrong to exploit people 2. It should be legal because the prohibition actually hurt the prostitutes 3.It should be illegal to consume, but not provide, since that would give the prostitute more power and enable persecution of the exploiters 4. It should be legal because regulation is more effective in minimizing harm, and at least consumption may be ethically de fensible 5. It should be illegal because even though regulation helps some, it also increases the black market and causes more suffering as a whole, and is an expression of a structural oppression of women and homosexual men in our society. SLAVERY OF WHITE PEOPLE SLAVERY OF WHITE PEOPLEIn the history of mankind, slavery has been very common. Slavery can trace its history back in the ancient times. In the ancient times, slaves were sold to the highest bidder and they were employed without any compensation. Punishments were so savage for those slaves who went against their masters demands. Over the centuries, slavery has been very prominent. There was a time in history were Black Africans and Black Americans became domestic slaves at home. However, they were able to achieve their freedom against slavery. Nowadays, slavery is still commonly practiced in some countries.It is not completely abolished but it is less identifiable. It exists in many cultures. So, what is slavery? What is S lavery? Slavery is a condition in which people are forced to work and treated like the lowest form of creature. There are different types of slavery. You have the chattel slavery. This is the most traditional type of slavery in which people are treated like property. Slaves are sold and bought like goods. However, in this modern age, this type of slavery is the least common. Another type of slavery is forced labor.This type of slavery is very common in the past and even up to these days. An individual is left with no choice but to work against his will. This type of slavery used punishments and violence against any slaves. Slavery of white People David Brion Davis writing in the New York Review of Books, Oct. 11, 1990, p. 37 states As late as the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, continuing shipments of white slaves, some of them Christians, flowed from the booming slave markets on the northern Black Sea coast into Italy, Spain, Egypt and the Mediterranean islandsFrom Barbados to Virginia, colonists.. , showed few scruples about reducing their less fortunate countrymen to a status little different from that of chattel slaves The prevalence and suffering of white slaves, serfs and indentured servants in the early modern period suggests that there was nothing inevitable about limiting plantation slavery to people of African origin. L. Ruchames in The Sources of Racial Thought in compound America, states that the slave trade worked in both directions, with white merchandise as well as black. (Journal of Negro History, no. 52, pp. 251-273).In 1659 the incline parliament debated the practice of exchange British egg whites into slavery in the New World. In the debate the clean-livings were referred to not as indentured servants but as slaves whose enslavement threatened the liberties of all Englishmen. (Thomas Burton, parliamentary Diary 1656-59, vol. 4, pp. 253-274). Foster R. Dulles in Labor in America quotes an early document describing White children in colonial servitude as crying and regret for redemption from their slavery. Dr. Hilary McD. Beckles of the University of Hull, England, writes regarding White slave labor, ndenture contracts were alienable the ownership of which could easily be transferred, like that of any other commodity as with slaves, ownership changed without their participation in the dialogue concerning transfer. Beckles refers to indentured servitude as White proto-slavery (The Americas, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 21). In the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series America and West Indies of 1701, we read of a plain over the encouragement to the spiriting away of Englishmen without their consent and selling them for slaves, which hath been a practice very frequent and known by the name of kidnapping. (Emphasis added). In the British West Indies, plantation slavery was instituted as early as 1627. In Barbados by the 1640s there were an estimated 25,000 slaves, of whom 21,700 were White. (Some Observations on t he Island of Barbados, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, p. 528). It is worth noting that while White slaves were worked to death in Barbados, there were Carib-bean Indians brought from Guiana to help propagate native foodstuffs who were well-treated and re-ceived as free persons by the wealthy planters.Of the fact that the wealth of Barbados was founded on the backs of White slave labor there can be no doubt. White slave laborers from Britain and Ireland were the mainstay of the sugar colony. Until the mid-1640s there were few Blacks in Barbados. George Downing wrote to John Winthrop, the co-lonial governor of Massachusetts in 1645, that planters who wanted to make a fortune in the British West Indies must procure White slave labor out of England if they wanted to succeed. (Elizabeth Donnan, Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America, pp. 25-126). white indentured servants were employed and treated, incidentally, exactly like slaves (Morley Ayear st, The British West Indies, p. 19). The many gradations of unfreedom among Whites made it difficult to draw fast lines between any idealized free White worker and a pitied or scorned servile Black worker in labor-short seventeenth and eighteenth-century America the work of slaves and that of White servants were virtually inter-changeable in most areas. (David R. Roediger, The Wages of Whiteness Race and the Making of the American Working Class, p. 5). In the Massachusetts Court of Assistants, whose records date to 1633, we find a 1638 description of a White man, one Gyles Player, as having been delivered up for a slave. The Englishman William Eddis, after observing White slaves in America in the 1770s wrote, Gener-ally speaking, they groan beneath a worse than Egyptian bondage (Letters from America, London, 1792). Governor Sharpe of the Maryland colony compared the property interest of the planters in their White slaves, with the estate of an English farmer consisting of a Multi tude of Cattle. The Quock Walker case in Massachusetts in 1 783 which ruled that slavery was different to the state Constitution, was applied equally to Blacks and Whites in Massachusetts. Patrick F. Moran in his Historical Sketch of the Persecutions Suffered by the Catholics of Ireland, re-fers to the transportation of the Irish to the colonies as the slave-trade (pp. 343-346). The disciplinary and revenue laws of early Virginia (circa 1631-1645) did not discriminate Negroes in bondage from Whites in bondage. (William Hening editor, Statutes at Large of Virginia, vol. I, pp. 74, 198, 200, 243, 306. For records of wills in which Lands, goods & chattels, cattle, moneys, ne-groes, English servants, horses, sheep and household stuff were all sold together see the Lancaster County Records in Virginia Colonial Abstracts, Beverly Fleet, editor). Lay historian Col. A. B. Ellis, writing in the British newspaper Argosy (May 6, 1893) Few, but read-ers of old colonial State papers and records , are aware that between the years 1649-1690 a lively trade was carried on between England and the plantations, as the colonies were then called, in politi-cal prisoners here they were sold by auction to the colonists for various terms of years, sometimes for life as slaves. Sir George Sandys 1618 plan for Virginia referred to bound Whites assigned to the treasurers of-fice to belong to said office for ever. The service of Whites bound to Berkeleys one C was deemed perpetual. (Lewis Cecil Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, vol. I, pp. 316, 318). Certainly the enslaved Whites themselves recognized their condition with painful clarity.As one White man, named Abram, who was accused of trying to agitate a rebellion stated to his fellows, Wherefore should wee stay here and be slaves? In a statement smuggled out of the New World and make in London, Whites in bondage did not call themselves indentured servants. In their writing they referred to thems elves as Englands slaves and Englands merchandise. (Marcellus Rivers and Oxenbridge Foyle, Englands Slavery, 1659).Eyewitnesses like Pere Labat who visited the West Indian slave plantations of the 17th century which were built and manned by White slaves labeled them White slaves and nothing less (Memoirs of Pere Labat, 1693-1705, p. 125). Even Blacks referred to the White forced laborers in the colonies as white slaves. (Colonial Office, Public Records Office, London, 1667, no. 170) Sot-Weed Factor, or, a Voyage to Maryland, a pamphlet circulated in 1708, articulates the plight of tens of thousands of pathetic young White girls kidnapped from England and enslaved in colonial America, lamenting thatIn better Times eer to this Land I was unhappily Trepand Not then a slave But things are changed Kidnapd and Foold The height of academic and media fraud is revealed in the monopolistic trademark status the official controllers of education and mass communications have successfully esta blished between the defini-tion of the word slave and the negro, while labeling descriptions of the historic experience of Whites in slavery a fallacy. so far the very word slave, which the establishments consensus school of history pretends cannot legitimately be applied to Whites, is derived from the word Slav.According to the Ox-ford English Dictionary, the word slave is another name for the White people of eastern Europe, the Slavs. (Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, p. 2,858). In other words, slave has always been a term for and a definition of a servile condition of White people. Yet we are told by the professorcrats that it is not correct to refer to Whites as slaves but only as servants, even though the very root of the word is derived from the historical fact of White slav-ery. ConclusionSlavery is not something to be proud of but it is a fact that happened to every country, kingdom and empire that has been on this earth. Each of us needs to search our hear ts and find the answer to stop racial hatred. One place to begin realize that the black race was not the only race in the last 400 years that was in bondage. PORNOGRAPHY Pornography What is Pornography? Pornography is the explicit representation of sexual activity in print or on characterization to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings. The following advice and help refers only to heterosexual vulgarism that is men go outing at women and, more rarely, women looking at men. Pornography is often distinguished fromerotica, which consists of the portrayal of gender with high-art aspirations, focusing also on feelings and emotions, while dirty word involves the depiction of acts in a sensational manner, with the entire focus on the physical act, so as to arouse ardent intense reactions.A distinction is also made betweenhardcoreandsoftcore filth. Softcore filth can generally be described as focusing on unclothed modeling and suggestive, but not explicit, simulations of sexual intercourse, whereas hardcore dirty wordography explicitly showcases penetrative intercourse. Pornography has often been subject tocensorshipand legal restraints to publication on grounds ofobscenity. Such grounds and even the definition of pornography have differed in various historical, cultural, and national contexts.With the emergence of social attitudes more tolerant of sexuality and more specific legal definitions of obscenity, an industry for theproductionand consumptionof pornography arose in the latter half of the 20th century. The introduction ofhome videoand the meshworksaw booms in a worldwide porn industry that generates billions of dollars annually. History Depictions of a sexual nature are older than civilization as depictions such as thevenus figurinesandrock arthave existed sinceprehistorictimes. However the concept of pornography as understood today did not exist until the strait-laced era.For example the FrenchImpressionismpainting byEdouard Manettitled Olympiawas a nude picture of a French courtesan, literally a prostitute picture. It was controversial at the time. Nineteenth-century legislation eventually outlawed the publication, retail, and trafficking of certain writings and images regarded as pornographic and would order the destruction of shop and warehouse stock meant for bargain however, the private possession of and viewing of (some forms of) pornography was not made an offence until recent times.When large-scale excavations ofPompeiiwere undertaken in the 1860s, much of theerotic artof theRomanscame to light, shocking the Victorians who saw themselves as the intellectual heirs of theRoman Empire. They did not know what to do with the frank depictions ofsexualityand endeavored to hide them away from everyone but upper-class scholars. The moveable objects were locked away in theSecret MuseuminNaplesand what could not be removed was covered and cordoned off as to not corrupt the sensibilities of women, childre n, and the working classes.Fanny Hill(1748) is considered the first original Englishprosepornography, and the first pornography to use the form of the novel. It is aneroticnovelbyJohn Clelandfirst published inEnglandasMemoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. It is one of the most prosecuted and outlaw books in history. The authors were charged with corrupting the Kings subjects. The worlds first law criminalizing pornography was the BritishObscene Publications Act 1857enacted at the urging of theSociety for the Suppression of Vice.The Act, which applied to theUnited Kingdom and Ireland, made the sale of obscene material a statutory offence, giving the courts power to seize and destroy offending material. The Act did not entertain toScotland, where thecommon lawcontinued to apply however, the Act did not define obscene, leaving this for the courts to determine. Prior to this Act, the publication of obscene material was treated as alaw misdemeanor and effectively prosecuting authors and pu blishers was difficult even in cases where the material was clearly intended as pornography.The Victorian attitude that pornography was for a select few can be seen in the wording of theHicklin teststemming from a court case in 1868 where it asks, whether the tendency of the matter charged as obscenity is to deprave and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences. Despite the fact of their suppression, depictions of erotic imagery were common throughout history. Pornographic word-paintingproduction commenced almost immediately after the invention of the motion picture in 1895. Two of the earliest pioneers wereEugene PirouandAlbert Kirchner.Kirchner directed the earliest surviving pornographic film for Pirou under the trade name Lear. The 1896 film,Le Coucher de la Marieeshowed Louise Willy performing astriptease. Pirous film inspired a genre of risque French films showing women disrobing and other filmmakers realised profits could be made from such films. Sexuall y explicit films were soon characterised as obscene and rendered illegal. Those that were made were produced underground by amateurs starting in the 1920s, primarily in France and the United States. Processing the film by commercial means was risky as was their distribution.Distribution was strictly private. Denmarkwas the first country to legalize pornography in 1969, which led to an explosion of commercially produced pornography. It continued to be banned in other countries, and had to be smuggled in, where it was sold under the counter or (sometimes) shown in members only cinema clubs. A Biblical View of Pornography God created men and women to be together exclusively and happily. God created sex as a good gift in the security of a loving, committed marriage relationship. He saw all that he had made, and it was very good. Sadly in the fallen world, pornography sends clear messages, generally to men, that faithful sexual attention to one woman is not necessary. There are many oth er women to look at why only be satisfied with one? We can go to an art gallery and see a charming woman in a picture and admire her beauty. But that is not the message of pornography. Pornography seeks to stimulate sexual attraction to the image of a woman any woman, saying, This beautiful woman, whom you know nothing about, is there for you to satisfy your sexual desires whatever they might be at any time. Pornography uses the strong visual senses of men to promote lust, but promises the unreal, promoting false expectations of relationships and ignoring the realities of daily living for most men and women the shopping, washing, ironing, and crying children. By ignoring the womans character and instead focusing on her body, pornography exploits and dehumanises sex so that human beings are treated as things, and women, in particular as sex objects .Of course, pornography is packaged cleverly as glamorous, but in the cold light of day the Bible warns strongly about looking at ot her women (Proverbs 625, Matthew 528, Colossians 35) and being faithful in marriage (Hebrews 134). There are those who would see the Bibles strong warnings on sexual purity as God being a killjoy. We need to remember that it was God who created the universe He knows how it works and that what we see and think about is important. The warnings are given for a reason the destructiveness of pornography on children and on human relationships.CARE regularly receives telephone calls and emails from people who themselves have a problem with pornography or are seeing it in their family. Some would say pornography is harmless fun. How would they respond to a woman crying on the phone convinced that her husbands use of pornography had led to the breakdown of their marriage? Or to another woman who said that she felt mentally abused by her husband who used pornography and wanted her to act in the same way as the women in the magazines, DVDs and videos? Pornography can seem far from harmless fun for the men (Christian and non-Christian) who feel trapped in a cycle of addiction.If anyone is a killjoy it is not the God of the Bible, but the publishers of pornography. The Issue of Pornography With more than 300,000 websites pertaining to pornography and new sites uploaded daily, any parent can see that we have a growing problem. The Internet is the cheapest, fastest way to get pornography out into an open market that is why it is considered the electronic playground. Before the Internet pornography was found in magazines behind the store counters, on movie channels, and was found in movies. Take a look at your favorite television show and see how many times a sexual situation comes up.The sexual revolution as some call it has taken off with the Internet. For example, try typing in www. whitehouse. com and see what pops up definitely not the White House. Students working on a history paper in school recently went to this site and found pornography instead of history. What a su rprise for the students. This happens to more people than we think. If you accidentally click on a porn site several other pornographic sites also show up. In some cases these pornographic sites contain computer viruses which will attack your hard drive.At times, legislation drafted under the guise of protecting children, includes adults which infringes on freedom of speech. In addition to infringing on a legal adults rights, it also impedes the on the economic gains related to the industry. Thus, commerce and the economy are impacted as well. With the onset of new pornographic websites, most sites are beginning to charge their consumers. Not only does this lead to economic gain within the industry, but it also assists in minimizing the access of children to questionable material.Conclusion Virtually every man will struggle with pornography. Regardless of how hard we may want otherwise we are visual creatures by nature and with easy accessibility to porn its a battle that will keep men in the trenches their entire lives. And if we hope to end this cycle of addiction and sexual impurity not only must we heal ourselves it is up to us to raise the next generation of men to view sex, women, and pornography differently that what society says today. And my own son is a foremost constant reminder of that obligation.